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It would be difficult to imagine a more appropriate means of marking the Jubilee of the Dairy Research Laboratory, Division of Food Processing, CSIRO, than a publication on whey and lactose processing. The genesis of the Laboratory in 1939 was when the Australian dairy industry was very largely based on the supply of cream from farms to numerous butter factories, the skim milk being fed to pigs. By the mid-1940s, when Geof frey Loftus-Hills was appointed in charge ofthe fledgling Dairy Research Section, the main objective of the Section-the full utilization of the con stituents of milk for human food-had been firmly established. Over the next two decades progress towards this objective was exemplified by the scientific and technological contributions made in specialized milk powders for use in recombining and in the manufacture of casein and cheese. Meanwhile farming practices changed from cream production to the supply of refrigerated whole milk to the factories. By the late 1960s the increasing production of cheese and casein had re sulted in almost 2 million tonnes of whey per annum. This represented not only a waste disposal problem, but also under-utilization of over 100000 t of milk solids. The Laboratory had now grown to a staff of around 70, so it was possible to allocate some resources to this extra challenge.
Whey Processing, Functionality and Health Benefits provides a review of the current state of the science related to novel processes, functionality, and health benefit implications and documents the biological role of whey protein in selected areas that include muscle metabolism after exercise, muscle and body composition in the elderly, weight management, food intake regulation, and maintenance of bone mass. The topics addressed and the subject experts represent the best science knowledge base in these areas. In some of these areas, the state of the art and science are compelling, and emerging data are confirming and solidifying the human knowledge base. Collating the understanding and knowledge of the metabolic roles of whey protein and developing the clinical datasets that demonstrate efficacy for improving human health will speed up new product innovations and sustainable opportunities for the food industry as evidenced by the processing and functionality research conducted so far. Topics covered in this volume include: Whey utilization history and progress in process technology Fractionation and separation with health implications Whey emulsions and stability in acidic environments Current applications in films, coatings, and gels Texturized whey in snacks, meat analogs and candies Nanoparticles in hydrogels for delivery of bioactive components Whey protein role in human health Health and wellness, processing and functionality are clearly areas of continuing research and offer growth opportunity for the food industry. The benefits from such concentrated body of knowledge will be new ingredients and innovative products that improve overall wellbeing. Whey Processing, Functionality and Health Benefits provides food scientists and manufacturers insight into the health implications of whey protein science. Ultimately, the consumer will benefit from better formulated, healthier products.
Whey, a by-product of cheese and curd manufacturing, was once considered as a waste product and indeed, even nowadays, its uncontroled delivery to water effluents constitutes a great environmental problem to solve. However, along the chapters of this review book we can follow the change in perception of whey from waste to co-product thanks to the many clever usages of this resource that have been developed in recent years. In the first chapter the discovery and importance of whey or manufactured derivatives as functional foods or alimentary additives is revised thoroughly in relation to the particular functions of its biological components and their effects on diverse disease treatments. Other application of great relevance is considered in chapter two, the production of biofuels, specifically biogas, from cheese whey. The reader will find a summary of how knowledge in the field of biogas production from cheese whey effluents has evolved, the current status quo, and identify areas that should be addressed in the near future. Biosurfactants have many potential applications including enhanced oil recovery, crude oil drilling lubricants, surfactant-aided bioremediation of water-insoluble pollutants, and in the health care and food processing industries. Other developing areas of biosurfactant use are in cosmetic and soap formulations, foods, and dermal as well as transdermal drug delivery systems. The limit to biosurfactant production is usually high cost associated to their production and extraction. Therefore the use of cheese whey as a cheaper substrate opens new areas of research and innovation in this industry as reported in chapter three of this book. Microbial biosynthesis allows the production of optically pure lactic acid, which is highly demanded for several industrial applications. Production of lactic acid by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria on whey has been investigated as a feasible route for processing and upgrading of this effluent. Chapter four summarises the most recent attempts on the utilization of cheese whey as culture medium for microbial biosynthesis of lactic acid, both using free and immobilized microorganisms. Several bacteria are able to produce polyesters as reserve materials of carbon and energy. These polyesters are quite diverse and represent a family of polymers named polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHA). Since mechanical and physical properties of polymers are strongly dependent of monomer composition, it is believed that PHA will constitute tailor made polymers for different applications and therefore have attracted great academic and industrial interest as natural biodegradable thermoplastic and elastomeric materials which could be synthesized from renewable materials. To be competitive with common plastics, the production costs of PHA have to be reduced and in chapter five the use of cheese whey as a cheap carbon source is considered. Single cell protein (SCP) production has been the subject of extensive research mainly for the production of animal feeds enriched in protein by microbial treatment of various agro-industrial wastes in submerged and solid-state fermentation processes. Some physicochemical properties of cheese whey, including high salinity, do not allow easy microbial utilisation. The review on chapter six summarizes recent research attempts trying to deal with the problem and focusing on the development of new technologies and selection or development of microorganisms suitable for maximal yield. Bacteriocins are innocuous peptides, sensitive to digestive proteases and they do not produce changes in the organoleptic properties of the foods. For all these reasons, they have proved to be effective food bio-preservatives. Chapter seven gives several examples of bacteriocins produced in whey-based media and particularly it focuses on Nisin and Pediocin production. The last chapter is devoted to the production of heterologous proteins from whey, a poorly explored field that could greatly improve the cost-effectiveness of whey recycling. Growth of engineered microorganisms in whey is a potential source to produce valuable homologous and heterologous proteins. Scientists are reconsidering the value of various components of milk, including whey, and how they may impact economics aspects of different industrial productions. Considerable positive research regarding whey and its biological components continue to be published and attracting the interest of dairy organizations and public administrations. We expect that this book will contribute to increase the knowledge about this subject and justify the convenience of founding research in this field.
Cheese is a unique food product which requires a significant amount of scientific knowledge to be produced successfully. However, due to the many, complex and interrelated changes which occur during cheese manufacture and ripening, it is still not possible to guarantee the production of premium quality cheese. Written by an international team of renowned contributors, Cheese problems solved provides responses to over 200 of the most frequently asked questions about cheese and the cheese-making process, in a unique and practical question-and-answer format. Opening chapters concentrate on queries regarding the preparation of cheese milk, the conversion of milk to curd, the ripening process, pathogens, cheese analysis and nutritional aspects of cheese amongst other issues. The latter half of the book discusses particular types of cheeses such as Cheddar, Grana-type cheeses, Mozzarella, Dutch-type, Swiss and Blue cheeses, to name but a few. Edited by a leading expert and with contributions from specialists within the field, Cheese problems solved is an essential reference and problem solving manual for professionals and trainees in the cheese industry. Provides responses to over 200 of the most frequently asked questions about cheese and the cheese-making process An essential reference and problem solving manual for professionals and trainees in the cheese industry Benefit from the knowledge of leading specialists in the field
Discusses the problem of whey utilization in the field of dairy technology, particularly in production plants which manufacture cheese and fresh cheese products, acid whey, quarg and casein, and coprecipitates. Covers such topics as general problems of whey utilization, whey types and their composition, utilization of whey, investigation of whey and whey products, and other possibilities for the utilization of whey and the outlook. Aimed at technical college and university graduates in the field of food technology, practitioners operating in the field of dairying and in correspondending areas of food technology, as well as at the staff and students of scientific institutions.
Whey Proteins: From Milk to Medicine addresses the basic properties of whey proteins including chemistry, analysis, heat sensitivity, interactions with other proteins and carbohydrates, modifications (hydrolysis, aggregation, conjugation), their industrial preparation, processing and applications, quality aspects including flavour and effects of storage, as well as their role in nutrition, sports and exercise, and health and wellness. Readers of Whey Proteins will gain a better understanding of the chemical nature of the various whey proteins in cow’s milk and the milk of other species. This includes their unique physical and functional properties; the industrial processes used to extract them from milk, to process them into various forms, and to modify them to enhance their functionality; and their nutritive value and application in the fields of sports and exercise science, infant nutrition and medicine. This book is an essential resource for food and nutrition researchers, dairy and food companies, pharmaceutical organizations, and graduate students. Presents up-to-date coverage of whey proteins from milk to medicine Contains a description of the production and properties of whey protein products Offers an overview of the effects of thermal and non-thermal processes on whey protein characteristics Describes the rationale for, and benefits of, using whey proteins in health and wellness preparations
Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes and By-Products: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainability Challenges addresses the waste and by-product valorization of fruits and vegetables, beverages, nuts and seeds, dairy and seafood. The book focuses its coverage on bioactive recovery, health benefits, biofuel production and environment issues, as well as recent technological developments surrounding state of the art of food waste management and innovation. The book also presents tools for value chain analysis and explores future sustainability challenges. In addition, the book offers theoretical and experimental information used to investigate different aspects of the valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products. Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes and By-Products: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainability Challenges will be a great resource for food researchers, including those working in food loss or waste, agricultural processing, and engineering, food scientists, technologists, agricultural engineers, and students and professionals working on sustainable food production and effective management of food loss, wastes and by-products. Covers recent trends, innovations, and sustainability challenges related to food wastes and by-products valorization Explores various recovery processes, the functionality of targeted bioactive compounds, and green processing technologies Presents emerging technologies for the valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products Highlights potential industrial applications of food wastes and by-products to support circular economy concepts
Ranging from biofuels to building materials, and from cosmetics to pharmaceuticals, the list of products that may be manufactured using discards from farming and fishery operations is extensive. Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries examines the procedures and technologies involved in this process of reconstitution, taking an environmentally aware approach as it explores the developing role of value-added byproducts in the spheres of food security, waste management, and climate control. An international group of authors contributes engaging and insightful chapters on a wide selection of animal and plant byproducts, discussing the practical business of byproduct recovery within the vital contexts of shifting socio-economic concerns and the emergence of green chemistry. This important text: Covers recent developments, current research, and emerging technologies in the fields of byproduct recovery and utilization Explores potential opportunities for future research and the prospective socioeconomic benefits of green waste management Includes detailed descriptions of procedures for the transformation of the wastes into of value-added food and non-food products With its combination of practical instruction and broader commentary, Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries offers essential insight and expertise to all students and professionals working in agriculture, environmental science, food science, and any other field concerned with sustainable resources.
An up-to-date overview of the dynamic field of whey protein utilization Whey Protein Production, Chemistry, Functionality and Applications explores the science and technology behind the rapidly increasing popularity of this most versatile of dairy by-products. With its richly nutritious qualities, whey protein has been widely used in the food industry for many years. The last decade has, however, seen manufacturers develop many innovative and exciting new applications for it, both in food and other areas. Taking account of these advances, this insightful work offers a full explanation of the technological and chemical breakthroughs that have made whey protein more in-demand than ever before. Topics covered include manufacturing technologies, thermal and chemical modifications, non-food uses, denaturation and interactions, and more. In its broad scope, the book encompasses: An up-to-date overview of recent developments and new applications Breakdowns of the chemical, nutritional, and functional properties of whey protein Commentary on the current and future outlooks of the whey protein market Examinations of the methods and manufacturing technologies that enable whey protein recovery A full guide to the numerous applications of whey protein in food production and other industries Whey Protein Production, Chemistry, Functionality and Applications is an unparalleled source of information on this highly adaptable and much sought-after commodity, and is essential reading for food and dairy scientists, researchers and graduate students, and professionals working in the food formulation and dairy processing industries.