[PDF] Warp Simulations For Capture And Control Of Laser Accelerated Proton Beams eBook
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The capture of laser-accelerated proton beams accompanied by co-moving electrons via a solenoid field has been studied with particle-in-cell simulations. The main advantages of the Warp simulation suite that was used, relative to envelope or tracking codes, are the possibility of including all source parameters energy resolved, adding electrons as second species and considering the non-negligible space-charge forces and electrostatic self-fields. It was observed that the influence of the electrons is of vital importance. The magnetic effect on the electrons out balances the space-charge force. Hence, the electrons are forced onto the beam axis and attract protons. Besides the energy dependent proton density increase on axis, the change in the particle spectrum is also important for future applications. Protons are accelerated/decelerated slightly, electrons highly. 2/3 of all electrons get lost directly at the source and 27% of all protons hit the inner wall of the solenoid.
This paper summarizes the ongoing studies on the possibilities for transport and RF capture of laser-accelerated proton beams in conventional accelerator structures. First results on the capture of laser-accelerated proton beams are presented, supported by Trace3D, CST particle studio and Warp simulations. Based on these results, the development of the pulsed high-field solenoid is guided by our desire to optimize the output particle number for this highly divergent beam with an exponential energy spectrum. A future experimental test stand is proposed to do studies concerning the application as a new particle source.
This thesis reports on investigations of proton acceleration driven by the interaction of short, intense laser pulses with thin, solid targets. Laser-driven plasma interactions are used to establish accelerating quasi-electrostatic field gradients, on the rear surface of the target, that are orders of magnitude higher than the current limit of conventional, radio-frequency-based accelerator technology. The resulting high energy (multi-MeV) proton beams are highly laminar, have ultra-low emittance, and the inherently broad energy spectrum is particularly effective for use in proton imaging, heating and transmutation applications. This thesis reports on a series of investigations carried out to explore routes towards control of the spectral properties of laser-driven proton sources and optimisation of laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency. The dependence of laser accelerated proton beam properties on laser energy and focal spot size in the interaction of an intense laser pulse with an ultra-thin foil is explored at laser intensities of 1016-1018 W/cm2. The results indicate that whilst the maximum proton energy is dependent on both these laser pulse parameters, the total number of protons accelerated is primarily related to the laser pulse energy. A modification to current analytical models of the proton acceleration, to take account of lateral transport of electrons on the target rear surface, is suggested to account for the experimental findings. The thesis also reports on an investigation of optical control of laser-driven proton acceleration, in which two relativistically intense laser pulses, narrowly separated in time, are used. This novel approach is shown to deliver a significant enhancement in the coupling of laser energy to medium energy (5-30 MeV) protons, compared to single pulse irradiation. The 'double-pulse' mechanism of proton acceleration is investigated in combination with thin targets, for which refluxing of hot electrons between the target surfaces can lead to optimal conditions for coupling laser drive energy into the proton beam. A high laser-to-proton conversion efficiency is measured when the delay between the pulses is optimised at 1 ps. The subsequent effect of double-pulse drive on the angular distribution of the proton beam is also explored for thick targets.
Divided into three main parts, the book guides the reader to an understanding of the basic concepts in this fascinating field of research. Part 1 introduces you to the fundamental concepts of simulation. It examines one-dimensional electrostatic codes and electromagnetic codes, and describes the numerical methods and analysis. Part 2 explores the mathematics and physics behind the algorithms used in Part 1. In Part 3, the authors address some of the more complicated simulations in two and three dimensions. The book introduces projects to encourage practical work Readers can download plasma modeling and simulation software — the ES1 program — with implementations for PCs and Unix systems along with the original FORTRAN source code. Now available in paperback, Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation is an ideal complement to plasma physics courses and for self-study.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
A Solid Compendium of Advanced Diagnostic and Simulation ToolsExploring the most exciting and topical areas in this field, Laser-Plasma Interactions focuses on the interaction of intense laser radiation with plasma. After discussing the basic theory of the interaction of intense electromagnetic radiation fields with matter, the book covers three ap
The potential for using fusion energy to produce commercial electric power was first explored in the 1950s. Harnessing fusion energy offers the prospect of a nearly carbon-free energy source with a virtually unlimited supply of fuel. Unlike nuclear fission plants, appropriately designed fusion power plants would not produce the large amounts of high-level nuclear waste that requires long-term disposal. Due to these prospects, many nations have initiated research and development (R&D) programs aimed at developing fusion as an energy source. Two R&D approaches are being explored: magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy describes and assesses the current status of IFE research in the United States; compares the various technical approaches to IFE; and identifies the scientific and engineering challenges associated with developing inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in particular as an energy source. It also provides guidance on an R&D roadmap at the conceptual level for a national program focusing on the design and construction of an inertial fusion energy demonstration plant.