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Author : National Defense University (U S ) Publisher : Government Printing Office Page : 132 pages File Size : 14,68 MB Release : 2011-12-27 Category : Business & Economics ISBN :
On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.
While large in scope, the research incorporates macroeconomic, trade, and industrial competitiveness concerns within a national security context. Connecting well-understood economic debates about our nation's welfare to the ways our country formulates national security policy. This paper gathers much of the current thinking in related fields and then presents a method of understanding the larger national security implications. Our research is intended primarily for government officials and industry executives interested in gaining a broad understanding of this issue. It is designed to provide a generalized way of thinking about foreign involvement and is not, therefore, an empirically based piece of econometric work.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Contents: (1) National Security (NS) and the Congressional Interest; 21st Century Challenges to NS; (2) The Role of the Economy in U.S. NS; Macroecon. and Microecon. Issues in NS; (3) Economic Growth and Broad Conceptions of NS: Human Capital; Research, Innovation, Energy, and Space; (4) Globalization, Trade, Finance, and the G-20; Instability in the Global Economy; Savings and Exports; Boosting Domestic Demand Abroad; Open Foreign Markets to U.S. Products and Services; Build Cooperation with International Partners; Deterring Threats to the International Financial System; (5) Democracy, Human Rights, and Development Aid; Sustainable Development. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand publication.
Historically, national security includes the strength of our nation's infrastructure, the foundation upon which the continuous growth of our society depends. This includes our strong societal and moral codes, the rule of law, stable government, social, political, and economic institutions, and leadership. Also included are our nation's schools and educational programs to ensure a knowledgeable citizenry and lifelong learning-a must for a democracy. Our nation's strength also requires investments in science, engineering, research and development, and technological leadership. We cannot be strong without a viable way to power our cities, feed ourselves, and move from one place to another. Most of all, a strong economy is an essential ingredient of a global superpower. Without it, we will lose our superpower status, and quickly. National security must include a healthy market-based economy, with a strong base of globally competitive products and services that produce jobs. This economy must include sound government policies to promote responsible choices and reduce our debt, and grand strategies for energy and environmental sustainability, science and technology leadership (at least in some areas), human capital capabilities, manufacturing, and the industrial base. And these are not the only components. National security goes to the very core of how we define who we are as a people and a free society. It concerns how we view our world responsibilities. Economic security is a major element of national security, even as borders are less important than ever. No matter how we look at national security, there can be no question of the need to include the economic viability of our nation. Without capital, there is no business; without business, there is no profit; without profit, there are no jobs. And without jobs, there are no taxes, and there is no military capability. The viability of a nation's industrial infrastructure, which provides jobs for its people, creates and distributes wealth, and leverages profits, is essential. Without jobs, the quality of peoples' lives deteriorates to a point where society itself can disintegrate. It can also lead to strife on many different levels. As a nation, we need to find a strategy to deal with this, and we will discuss the ideas of expeditionary economics. But poverty is not only a problem in Third World countries. It can occur at home, too-especially during a deep recession. No community, local or global, can sustain indefinitely whole populations of "haves" and "have nots." And that gap is now growing within the United States. There is no question that a part of the infrastructure of a nation must include a sound economy. It was the relative deterioration of the Japanese and German economies that led those nations into World War II. Poverty around the world is a global systemic issue that frequently can and does lead to political instability. But we cannot help others if we cannot help ourselves, and our current economic crisis is a warning. National security is societal, political, and economic strength. In today's world, national security for a superpower is meaningless without a strong military capability as well. The sovereignty and security of the United States, and the protection of its citizens and property around the world, remain the bedrock of national security. The execution of U.S. national security strategy is conducted in a highly volatile global environment characterized by quantum changes in technology; unprecedented social, economic, and political interdependencies; broadened opportunities to foster democratic principles; and allegiances and alliances frequently founded on interests other than traditional nationalism. Understanding the complex systems nature of national security and why the economy is a part of the equation is crucial. National Defense University.
Author : National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 451 pages File Size : 30,95 MB Release : 1997-10-10 Category : Political Science ISBN : 0309057299
This unique volume offers a definitive new history of European economies at war from 1914 to 1918. It studies how European economies mobilised for war, how existing economic institutions stood up under the strain, how economic development influenced outcomes and how wartime experience influenced post-war economic growth. Leading international experts provide the first systematic comparison of economies at war between 1914 and 1918 based on the best available data for Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the USA, Italy, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands. The editors' overview draws some stark lessons about the role of economic development, the importance of markets and the damage done by nationalism and protectionism. A companion volume to the acclaimed The Economics of World War II, this is a major contribution to our understanding of total war.
Summary ‘The Economic Security of Business Transactions’ covers such aspects as: management in the economic system; commercial risk in domestic and international transactions; an assessment of partners; unofficial economy and the state budget; economic security business; the role and importance of law in business. The book looks at the threats and risks arising from international trade and operating leading businesses, plus the role of the State. It examines the required new forms, methods and approaches for management. This has significant implications for the businesses concerned and the State’s role. ‘The Economic Security of Business Transactions’ includes coverage of internal company factors, tax evasion and tax avoidance; the book also looks at the level of involvement of the State (especially the EU’s Common Market). This leads to abuses and distortions in the area of the competitiveness of enterprises and countries’ competitiveness; it also changes the perception of contemporary economic security. This book is an attempt to point to the example of single countries, the European Community, and on a global scale – what is the efficiency of national economic systems and how the associated risks impact upon economic trade disorders. Key Features Contains contributions from some of the world’s leading researchers. Has an interdisciplinary character – based on economics, management and law. Shows and defines real threats and risks which occur in economic trade. The Authors Konrad Raczkowski is Professor of Management, who specializes in the unofficial economy, public finances and management in the economic system. He is a Director of Economic Institute in University of Social Sciences in Warsaw; he was Head of the Department of the Economic Security Management. Between 2003 and 2013 he worked in the finance department. He was also the advisor and consultant to governmental institutions, entrepreneurs and the European Anti-Fraud Office in Brussels (OLAF). He has qualifications as an internal auditor of integrated management systems. Professor Raczkowski is a member of British Academy of Management and since 2008 he has been an associate of the Institute for Security and Development Policy in Stockholm. Friedrich Schneider is Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics at the Johannes Kepler University of Linz in Austria. He is recognized as a leading authority in the field of studies on the shadow world economy. He has conducted research and lectures, among institutions such as the Universities of Yale, Princeton, Virginia, Stockholm, Zurich, Carnegie Mellon and Aarhus. In the years 1997-1999 he was the President of the Austrian Economic Association and in 2005-2008 the President of the German Economic Association. He has advised many governments, entrepreneurs and the European Commission. He is the author or co-author of hundreds of publications, including 62 books published in many languages. Professor Schneider’s research interests focus on the theory of economic policy, finance and the analysis of economic consequences of government intervention. Readership Scientists and researchers of national economy and unofficial economy; people experienced in the management (public and business); entrepreneurs; and students Contents PART I. SHADOW ECONOMY AND TAX EVASION CHAPTER 1 Size and development of the shadow economy and of tax evasion within Poland and of its neighbouring countries from 2003 to 2013: some new facts (Friedrich Schneider and Konrad Raczkowski) CHAPTER 2 How to curtail Poland’s shadow economy: the viewpoints of business and tax authorities (Bogdan Mróz and Mariusz Sokolek) CHAPTER 3 Shadow banking versus the shadow economy in Poland (Jan K. Solarz) CHAPTER 4 Why VAT carousel crime schemes are almost impossible to prosecute in Poland? (Czeslaw J_drzejek, Jacek Wi_ckowski, Maciej Nowak and Jaroslaw Bak) CHAPTER 5 The latest changes in the French tax evasion policy and its influence on economic and financial security (Urszula Zawadzka-Pak) PART II. ECONOMY AND BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS CHAPTER 6 The idea of homo oeconomicus and the role of culture in the economy (Marian Noga) CHAPTER 7 The implications of tax competition and "race to the bottom" for economic growth (Jolanta Szolno-Koguc and Malgorzata Twarowska) CHAPTER 8 Correct planning of budget revenue as an essential condition for secure business transactions (Eugeniusz Ruskowski) CHAPTER 9 The effects of public transfers on an economic system (Marta Postula) CHAPTER 10 The role of marketing information in the assessment of a contractor’s credibility in business negotiations (Bogdan Gregor and Magdalena Kalinska-Kula) CHAPTER 11 Implementation of the business counterintelligence branch in enterprise structure (Miroslaw Kwieci_ski and Krzysztof Passella) CHAPTER 12 Systematization of risk in internal and international markets (Katarzyna Zukrowska) CHAPTER 13 The role of the supreme audit office in tackling corruption and other types of organisational pathologies (Zbyslaw Dobrowolski) CHAPTER 14 Analysis of state bank guarantees offered to enterprises by national bank holdings and system solutions in selected countries (Dorota Ostrowska) CHAPTER 15 Common banking supervision within the financial safety net (Beata Domanska-Szaruga) CHAPTER 16 Crisis management in the global economy (Robert Dygas) PART III. MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY CHAPTER 17 Business Process Management as a way to achieve national economic security (Piotr Senkus) CHAPTER 18 Collaborative networks as a basis for internal economic security in sustainable local governance. The case of Poland (Barbara Kozuch and Katarzyna Sienkiewicz-Malyjurek) CHAPTER 19 Changes in European foreign trade in the context of economic security (Agnieszka Glodowska) CHAPTER 20 The impact of non-military threats to economic security (Andrzej Limanski, Zbigniew Grzywna and Ireneusz Drabik)