[PDF] Uncertainty And Logics eBook

Author : Shira Elqayam
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 27,46 MB
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 135162041X

GET BOOK

David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.

Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 35,49 MB
Release : 2017-04-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262533804

GET BOOK

Formal ways of representing uncertainty and various logics for reasoning about it; updated with new material on weighted probability measures, complexity-theoretic considerations, and other topics. In order to deal with uncertainty intelligently, we need to be able to represent it and reason about it. In this book, Joseph Halpern examines formal ways of representing uncertainty and considers various logics for reasoning about it. While the ideas presented are formalized in terms of definitions and theorems, the emphasis is on the philosophy of representing and reasoning about uncertainty. Halpern surveys possible formal systems for representing uncertainty, including probability measures, possibility measures, and plausibility measures; considers the updating of beliefs based on changing information and the relation to Bayes' theorem; and discusses qualitative, quantitative, and plausibilistic Bayesian networks. This second edition has been updated to reflect Halpern's recent research. New material includes a consideration of weighted probability measures and how they can be used in decision making; analyses of the Doomsday argument and the Sleeping Beauty problem; modeling games with imperfect recall using the runs-and-systems approach; a discussion of complexity-theoretic considerations; the application of first-order conditional logic to security. Reasoning about Uncertainty is accessible and relevant to researchers and students in many fields, including computer science, artificial intelligence, economics (particularly game theory), mathematics, philosophy, and statistics.

Author : Lotfi Asker Zadeh
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 11,4 MB
Release : 1992-07-30
Category : Computers
ISBN :

GET BOOK

Fuzzy Logic for the Management of Uncertainty covers many important topics, including:" "Developments in mathematics that have paved the road for fuzzy logic;" "Deep, and of a broad perspective, exposition of virtually all approaches used in contemporary science for the representation and handling of imperfect (uncertain, imprecise, vague, ambiguous, etc.) information;" "Coverage of practically all relevant and promising directions and approaches in fuzzy logic research including LT--fuzzy logic, model theoretic approaches, intuitionistic fuzzy logic, nonmonotonic fuzzy logic, modifier fuzzy logic;" "VLSI fuzzy logic-based chips that have triggered the implementation of fuzzy logic in so many fields of science and technology;" "A broad coverage of fuzzy logic in approximate reasoning, including basic issues related to the role of fuzzy logic for approximate reasoning, analyses of various definitions of fuzzy implication that is a crucial element in fuzzy logic-based reasoning schemes,

Author : Audun Jøsang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 31,53 MB
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3319423371

GET BOOK

This is the first comprehensive treatment of subjective logic and all its operations. The author developed the approach, and in this book he first explains subjective opinions, opinion representation, and decision-making under vagueness and uncertainty, and he then offers a full definition of subjective logic, harmonising the key notations and formalisms, concluding with chapters on trust networks and subjective Bayesian networks, which when combined form general subjective networks. The author shows how real-world situations can be realistically modelled with regard to how situations are perceived, with conclusions that more correctly reflect the ignorance and uncertainties that result from partially uncertain input arguments. The book will help researchers and practitioners to advance, improve and apply subjective logic to build powerful artificial reasoning models and tools for solving real-world problems. A good grounding in discrete mathematics is a prerequisite.

Author : Asli Celikyilmaz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 39,69 MB
Release : 2009-04-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540899243

GET BOOK

The world we live in is pervaded with uncertainty and imprecision. Is it likely to rain this afternoon? Should I take an umbrella with me? Will I be able to find parking near the campus? Should I go by bus? Such simple questions are a c- mon occurrence in our daily lives. Less simple examples: What is the probability that the price of oil will rise sharply in the near future? Should I buy Chevron stock? What are the chances that a bailout of GM, Ford and Chrysler will not s- ceed? What will be the consequences? Note that the examples in question involve both uncertainty and imprecision. In the real world, this is the norm rather than exception. There is a deep-seated tradition in science of employing probability theory, and only probability theory, to deal with uncertainty and imprecision. The mon- oly of probability theory came to an end when fuzzy logic made its debut. H- ever, this is by no means a widely accepted view. The belief persists, especially within the probability community, that probability theory is all that is needed to deal with uncertainty. To quote a prominent Bayesian, Professor Dennis Lindley, “The only satisfactory description of uncertainty is probability.

Author : Baoding Liu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 40,34 MB
Release : 2007-09-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3540731652

GET BOOK

This book provides a self-contained, comprehensive and up-to-date presentation of uncertainty theory. The purpose is to equip the readers with an axiomatic approach to deal with uncertainty. For this new edition the entire text has been totally rewritten. The chapters on chance theory and uncertainty theory are completely new. Mathematicians, researchers, engineers, designers, and students will find this work a stimulating and useful reference.

Author : Smita Krishnaswamy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 26,52 MB
Release : 2012-09-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9048196442

GET BOOK

Logic circuits are becoming increasingly susceptible to probabilistic behavior caused by external radiation and process variation. In addition, inherently probabilistic quantum- and nano-technologies are on the horizon as we approach the limits of CMOS scaling. Ensuring the reliability of such circuits despite the probabilistic behavior is a key challenge in IC design---one that necessitates a fundamental, probabilistic reformulation of synthesis and testing techniques. This monograph will present techniques for analyzing, designing, and testing logic circuits with probabilistic behavior.

Author : Mihir Kumar Chakraborty
Publisher : Springer
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,50 MB
Release : 2019-07-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9811388962

GET BOOK

This book introduces the theory of graded consequence (GCT) and its mathematical formulation. It also compares the notion of graded consequence with other notions of consequence in fuzzy logics, and discusses possible applications of the theory in approximate reasoning and decision-support systems. One of the main points where this book emphasizes on is that GCT maintains the distinction between the three different levels of languages of a logic, namely object language, metalanguage and metametalanguage, and thus avoids the problem of violation of the principle of use and mention; it also shows, gathering evidences from existing fuzzy logics, that the problem of category mistake may arise as a result of not maintaining distinction between levels.

Author : Dov M. Gabbay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 19,42 MB
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9401717354

GET BOOK

We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.

Author : Michael Masuch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 31,77 MB
Release : 1994-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540580959

GET BOOK

This volume is based on the International Conference Logic at Work, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in December 1992. The 14 papers in this volume are selected from 86 submissions and 8 invited contributions and are all devoted to knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty, which are core issues of formal artificial intelligence. Nowadays, logic is not any longer mainly associated to mathematical and philosophical problems. The term applied logic has a far wider meaning, as numerous applications of logical methods, particularly in computer science, artificial intelligence, or formal linguistics, testify. As demonstrated also in this volume, a variety of non-standard logics gained increased importance for knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty.