[PDF] Ultrathin Oxide Layers For Solar And Electrocatalytic Systems eBook

Author : Heinz Frei
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 49,18 MB
Release : 2022-01-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1839163712

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Ultrathin metal oxide layers have emerged in recent years as a powerful approach for substantially enhancing the performance of photo, electro, or thermal catalytic systems for energy, in some cases even enabling the use of highly attractive materials previously found unsuitable. This development is due to the confluence of new synthetic preparation methods for ultrathin oxide layers and a more advanced understanding of interfacial phenomena on the nano and atomic scale. This book brings together the fundamentals and applications of ultrathin oxide layers while highlighting connections and future opportunities with the intent of accelerating the use of these materials and techniques for new and emerging applications of catalysis for energy. It comprehensively covers the state-of-the-art synthetic methods of ultrathin oxide layers, their structural and functional characterization, and the broad range of applications in the field of catalysis for energy. Edited by leaders in the field, and with contributions from global experts, this title will be of interest to graduate students and researchers across materials science and chemistry who are interested in ultrathin oxide layers and their applications in solar energy conversion, renewable energy, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and protective coatings.

Author : Heinz Frei
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 34,68 MB
Release : 2022-01-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 1839161795

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This book brings together the fundamentals and applications of ultrathin oxide layers while highlighting connections and future opportunities.

Author : Mai Bui
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 31,66 MB
Release : 2022-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1839165251

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Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies can remove greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Most of the current GGR technologies focus on carbon dioxide removal, these include afforestation and reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, direct air capture, enhanced weathering, soil carbon sequestration and biochar, ocean fertilisation and coastal blue carbon. GGR technologies will be essential in limiting global warning to temperatures below 1.5°C (targets by the IPCC and COP21) and will be required to achieve deep reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the context of recent legally binding legislation requiring the transition to a net zero emissions economy by 2050, GGR technologies are broadly recognised as being indispensable. This book provides the most up-to-date information on GGR technologies that provide removal of atmosphere CO2, giving insight into their role and value in achieving climate change mitigation targets. Chapters discuss the issues associated with commercial development and deployment of GGRs, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. With contributions from leaders in the field, this title is an indispensable resource for graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and energy policy.

Author : Xingtao Xu
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 28,1 MB
Release : 2023-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1839165537

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The exploration of new-family desalination techniques has become increasingly important in recent decades. Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted multidisciplinary interest as a promising alternative to the conventional desalination techniques of reverse osmosis and electro-osmosis, due to several attractive features such as low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and high water utilization efficiency. CDI desalts saline water through storing ions in electrical double layers of porous carbons or by redox reactions with faradic materials. This is the first book to specialise in CDI and aims to showcase the fundamentals and progressive achievements of the research. Chapters cover the timeline of CDI technologies, the expansion of new-family electrode materials, exploitation of new-concept CDI devices, and applications of CDI in other new areas. In addition, the book provides new insights into future directions for the development of CDI and other emerging nanotechnologies for addressing the energy-water nexus. Edited by a founder of the field, the book will be of interest to those researching water desalination and purification across chemistry, materials science and environmental science.

Author : Gianfranco Pacchioni
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 34,99 MB
Release : 2012-09-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3527640185

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A wealth of information in one accessible book. Written by international experts from multidisciplinary fields, this in-depth exploration of oxide ultrathin films covers all aspects of these systems, starting with preparation and characterization, and going on to geometrical and electronic structure, as well as applications in current and future systems and devices. From the Contents: Synthesis and Preparation of Oxide Ultrathin Films Characterization Tools of Oxide Ultrathin Films Ordered Oxide Nanostructures on Metal Surfaces Unusual Properties of Oxides and Other Insulators in the Ultrathin Limit Silica and High-K Dielectrics Thin Films in Microelectronics Oxide Passive Films and Corrosion Protection Oxide Films as Catalytic Materials and as Models of Real Catalysts Oxide Films in Spintronics Oxide Ultrathin Films in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Transparent Conducting and Chromogenic Oxide Films as Solar Energy Materials Oxide Ultrathin Films in Sensor Applications Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Film Capacitors Titania Thin Films in Biocompatible Materials and Medical Implants Oxide Nanowires for New Chemical Sensor Devices

Author : Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 12,91 MB
Release : 2011-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0857094904

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Coatings are used for a wide range of applications, from anti-fogging coatings for glass through to corrosion control in the aerospace and automotive industries. Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatings. Part one covers technologies used in the creation and analysis of thin films, including chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films. Part two focuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, with chapters covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications, conventional and smart nanocoatings for corrosion protection in aerospace engineering and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applications. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films is an essential reference for professional engineers in the glazing, consctruction, electronics and transport industries, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the field. Provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatings Focuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applications Includes chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films

Author : David William Palm
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 23,91 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN :

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With society transitioning from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy, there is an increasing need for robust means of storing the energy captured from these more variable resources. One concept for storing the vast, effectively limitless solar energy resource is called solar water splitting--a photoelectrochemical (PEC) process that produces hydrogen fuel from one of earth's most abundant chemical feedstocks. This work focuses on developing ultrathin coatings that enhance the durability of these PEC hydrogen-producing systems in the acidic aqueous electrolytes commonly employed for this reaction. We investigated the canonical PEC protective coating, titania (TiO2), to understand the reason that heat treatments in oxygen-containing environments improve the durability of (photo)electrochemical devices assembled with these ultrathin coatings. In electrocatalytic hydrogen production experiments, conductive silicon substrates coated with a 5-nm thick TiO2 coating and a layer of Pt showed dramatic improvements in both their activity (in terms of voltage required to achieve a set rate of hydrogen production) and durability when the TiO2 had been heat treated at temperatures of 200-500°C, with 500°C engendering the best performance by both metrics. In situ grazing incidence x-ray diffraction experiments under heating conditions in air revealed two crystallization regimes for these ultrathin TiO2. From temperatures about 250-400°C, the crystallization from amorphous to the anatase phase of TiO2 resembles the nucleation of anatase crystallites. From temperatures about 420-450°C, there appears to be growth of these crystallites to encompass increasing fraction of the film in the anatase phase. With ultrathin TiO2 requiring this advanced processing to meet durability requirements, we sought to explore another transition metal oxide that we predicted to have better intrinsic stability--tungsten oxide (WO3). WO3 coatings were synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD), a process known to yield highly conformal films with a high degree of thickness control. When utilized as coating on conductive silicon substrates with a Pt catalyst overlayer, a 4 nm WO3 film imparted the best durability by sustaining efficient hydrogen evolution over 15 h of durability testing. A photoactive device prepared on semiconducting silicon with a 4 nm WO3 film and Pt catalyst layer produced a light-driven voltage of 0.31 V and sustained a photocurrent density (which is proportional the rate of hydrogen production) of -20 mA cm-2 for 22 h of PEC durability testing. Adapting this ALD-type WO3 deposition to a copper gallium selenide (CuGa3Se5) semiconducting light absorbing film led to a CuGa3Se5 [vertical line] WO3 [vertical line] Pt devices that sustained continuously illuminated PEC hydrogen production over six weeks of durability testing. The most-durable device established a new durability milestone for any non-silicon device by passing 21,490 C cm-2 of charge, which is proportional to the total amount of hydrogen produced. Tungsten sulfide (WSx) films were synthesized from ALD-prepared WO3 films and investigated for their electrocatalytic activity and durability. Through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the films synthesized at temperatures of 250-450°C were shown to be composed of WS2, with the 350-450°C-treated samples exhibiting some WS3 character that increased with increasing temperature. The WSx coating synthesized at 250°C demonstrated some electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen production, which was largely absent with the 350-450°C synthesized films, but degraded dramatically after 18 h of durability testing. The 350°C-synthesized WSx film was adapted to a photoactive silicon device with a catalytic Pt overlayer, and showed reasonable PEC hydrogen production activity but poor durability.

Author : Zhebo Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 18,1 MB
Release : 2013-08-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461482984

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This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a “how-to” guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 677 pages
File Size : 48,49 MB
Release : 2001-05-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080538312

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The book is a multi-author survey (in 15 chapters) of the current state of knowledge and recent developments in our understanding of oxide surfaces. The author list includes most of the acknowledged world experts in this field. The material covered includes fundamental theory and experimental studies of the geometrical, vibrational and electronic structure of such surfaces, but with a special emphasis on the chemical properties and associated reactivity. The main focus is on metal oxides but coverage extends from 'simple' rocksalt materials such as MgO through to complex transition metal oxides with different valencies.