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Author : George E. Martin Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 251 pages File Size : 26,17 MB Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Mathematics ISBN : 1461256801
Transformation Geometry: An Introduction to Symmetry offers a modern approach to Euclidean Geometry. This study of the automorphism groups of the plane and space gives the classical concrete examples that serve as a meaningful preparation for the standard undergraduate course in abstract algebra. The detailed development of the isometries of the plane is based on only the most elementary geometry and is appropriate for graduate courses for secondary teachers.
This concise classic presents advanced undergraduates and graduate students in mathematics with an overview of geometric algebra. The text originated with lecture notes from a New York University course taught by Emil Artin, one of the preeminent mathematicians of the twentieth century. The Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society praised Geometric Algebra upon its initial publication, noting that "mathematicians will find on many pages ample evidence of the author's ability to penetrate a subject and to present material in a particularly elegant manner." Chapter 1 serves as reference, consisting of the proofs of certain isolated algebraic theorems. Subsequent chapters explore affine and projective geometry, symplectic and orthogonal geometry, the general linear group, and the structure of symplectic and orthogonal groups. The author offers suggestions for the use of this book, which concludes with a bibliography and index.
Given a mathematical structure, one of the basic associated mathematical objects is its automorphism group. The object of this book is to give a biased account of automorphism groups of differential geometric struc tures. All geometric structures are not created equal; some are creations of ~ods while others are products of lesser human minds. Amongst the former, Riemannian and complex structures stand out for their beauty and wealth. A major portion of this book is therefore devoted to these two structures. Chapter I describes a general theory of automorphisms of geometric structures with emphasis on the question of when the automorphism group can be given a Lie group structure. Basic theorems in this regard are presented in §§ 3, 4 and 5. The concept of G-structure or that of pseudo-group structure enables us to treat most of the interesting geo metric structures in a unified manner. In § 8, we sketch the relationship between the two concepts. Chapter I is so arranged that the reader who is primarily interested in Riemannian, complex, conformal and projective structures can skip §§ 5, 6, 7 and 8. This chapter is partly based on lec tures I gave in Tokyo and Berkeley in 1965.
This introduction to Euclidean geometry emphasizes transformations, particularly isometries and similarities. Suitable for undergraduate courses, it includes numerous examples, many with detailed answers. 1972 edition.
The Essentials of a First Linear Algebra Course and MoreLinear Algebra, Geometry and Transformation provides students with a solid geometric grasp of linear transformations. It stresses the linear case of the inverse function and rank theorems and gives a careful geometric treatment of the spectral theorem.An Engaging Treatment of the Interplay amo
Author : George E. Martin Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 256 pages File Size : 12,21 MB Release : 1996-12-20 Category : Mathematics ISBN : 0387906363
Transformation Geometry: An Introduction to Symmetry offers a modern approach to Euclidean Geometry. This study of the automorphism groups of the plane and space gives the classical concrete examples that serve as a meaningful preparation for the standard undergraduate course in abstract algebra. The detailed development of the isometries of the plane is based on only the most elementary geometry and is appropriate for graduate courses for secondary teachers.
This textbook teaches the transformations of plane Euclidean geometry through problems, offering a transformation-based perspective on problems that have appeared in recent years at mathematics competitions around the globe, as well as on some classical examples and theorems. It is based on the combined teaching experience of the authors (coaches of several Mathematical Olympiad teams in Brazil, Romania and the USA) and presents comprehensive theoretical discussions of isometries, homotheties and spiral similarities, and inversions, all illustrated by examples and followed by myriad problems left for the reader to solve. These problems were carefully selected and arranged to introduce students to the topics by gradually moving from basic to expert level. Most of them have appeared in competitions such as Mathematical Olympiads or in mathematical journals aimed at an audience interested in mathematics competitions, while some are fundamental facts of mathematics discussed in the framework of geometric transformations. The book offers a global view of the geometric content of today's mathematics competitions, bringing many new methods and ideas to the attention of the public. Talented high school and middle school students seeking to improve their problem-solving skills can benefit from this book, as well as high school and college instructors who want to add nonstandard questions to their courses. People who enjoy solving elementary math problems as a hobby will also enjoy this work.
The Darboux transformation approach is one of the most effective methods for constructing explicit solutions of partial differential equations which are called integrable systems and play important roles in mechanics, physics and differential geometry. This book presents the Darboux transformations in matrix form and provides purely algebraic algorithms for constructing the explicit solutions. A basis for using symbolic computations to obtain the explicit exact solutions for many integrable systems is established. Moreover, the behavior of simple and multi-solutions, even in multi-dimensional cases, can be elucidated clearly. The method covers a series of important equations such as various kinds of AKNS systems in R1+n, harmonic maps from 2-dimensional manifolds, self-dual Yang-Mills fields and the generalizations to higher dimensional case, theory of line congruences in three dimensions or higher dimensional space etc. All these cases are explained in detail. This book contains many results that were obtained by the authors in the past few years. Audience: The book has been written for specialists, teachers and graduate students (or undergraduate students of higher grade) in mathematics and physics.
Groups arise naturally as symmetries of geometric objects, and so groups can be used to understand geometry and topology. Conversely, one can study abstract groups by using geometric techniques and ultimately by treating groups themselves as geometric objects. This book explores these connections between group theory and geometry, introducing some of the main ideas of transformation groups, algebraic topology, and geometric group theory. The first half of the book introduces basic notions of group theory and studies symmetry groups in various geometries, including Euclidean, projective, and hyperbolic. The classification of Euclidean isometries leads to results on regular polyhedra and polytopes; the study of symmetry groups using matrices leads to Lie groups and Lie algebras. The second half of the book explores ideas from algebraic topology and geometric group theory. The fundamental group appears as yet another group associated to a geometric object and turns out to be a symmetry group using covering spaces and deck transformations. In the other direction, Cayley graphs, planar models, and fundamental domains appear as geometric objects associated to groups. The final chapter discusses groups themselves as geometric objects, including a gentle introduction to Gromov's theorem on polynomial growth and Grigorchuk's example of intermediate growth. The book is accessible to undergraduate students (and anyone else) with a background in calculus, linear algebra, and basic real analysis, including topological notions of convergence and connectedness. This book is a result of the MASS course in algebra at Penn State University in the fall semester of 2009.