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2018 was a tumultuous year in global politics. Starting with the rise of the Lega Nord in Italy and ending with the election of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, it has never been such a pertinent time to study the radical right. This yearbook pulls together the best commentary and analysis from an international consortium of expert scholars examining the ebb and flow of radical right movements from around the world. Starting with a concise analysis of key definitions of the radical right and historical precursors, it takes the reader on a journey through European, then American, and finally through non-Western manifestations of the radical right. The book ends with a thematic analysis of key tactics and issues related to the radical right'including social media, hate crime, and terrorism. This unique survey provides an unparalleled snapshot of global developments in 2018'useful to scholars, students, practitioners, and interested members of the public alike.
This yearbook pulls together commentary and analysis from an international consortium of expert scholars examining the ebb and flow of radical right movements from around the world. Starting with a concise analysis of key definitions of the radical right and historical precursors, it surveys European, American, and non-Western manifestations.
The story of the remarkable resurgence of right-wing extremists in the United States Just as Donald Trump’s victorious campaign for the US presidency shocked the world, the seemingly sudden national prominence of white supremacists, xenophobes, militia leaders, and mysterious “alt-right” figures mystifies many. But the American extreme right has been growing steadily in number and influence since the 1990s with the rise of patriot militias. Following 9/11, conspiracy theorists found fresh life; and in virulent reaction to the first black US president, militant racists have come out of the woodwork. Nurtured by a powerful right-wing media sector in radio, TV, and online, the far right, Tea Party movement conservatives, and Republican activists found common ground. Figures such as Stephen Bannon, Milo Yiannopoulos, and Alex Jones, once rightly dismissed as cranks, now haunt the reports of mainstream journalism. Investigative reporter David Neiwert has been tracking extremists for more than two decades. In Alt-America, he provides a deeply researched and authoritative report on the growth of fascism and far-right terrorism, the violence of which in the last decade has surpassed anything inspired by Islamist or other ideologies in the United States. The product of years of reportage, and including the most in-depth investigation of Trump’s ties to the far right, this is a crucial book about one of the most disturbing aspects of American society.
Studies the new West European parties of the radical populist right, arguing that, in distancing themselves from the reactionary politics of the traditional extremist right, these parties have become a significant challenge to the established structure and politics of West European democracy today.
Petho-Kiss and Gunaratna understand the nature of the threat posed by the far right because of their findings and they propose effective provisions and mechanisms for detecting and countering it. The book undertakes a consistent procession and empirical examination of available information to arrive at the recognition that in order to dissolve the complexity of the associated threat, we need to scrutinize the functioning of far-right threat groups. In-depth and consistent analysis on their mode of operation and mindset enables us to identify ways to detect and counter their malicious efforts and activities. The theoretical framework for the analysis lies upon the concept of wave theory. The main question that this book examines is whether far-right terrorism constitutes a new wave of global terrorism. One question emerges from this statement that requires further elaboration. Is far-right terrorism a novel wave of terrorism? If yes, how is it novel and what are the novelties or developments in it? This book is for scholars as well as practitioners in the counter-terrorism (CT) and the prevention/countering violent extremism (PCVE) field. Through specific case studies students studying CT and/or PCVE could gain insight into the operational functionalities of far-right threat groups. This may help them to get a more accurate understanding of the threat posed by these entities. Examining the recruitment, funding, communication practices, and modus operandi of worrisome threat actors equips us to design the most effective countermeasures and identify the hiatuses in applicable legislative regimes.
This book argues that the political and security threats posed by the domestic radical right in Western countries have been consistently exaggerated since 1945. This has allowed governments to justify censoring and repressing their political opponents, including many who cannot be fairly described as being affiliated with the radical right.
While the COVID-19 pandemic overshadowed all else and would quickly have a lasting impact on our daily lives, other events related to the radical right in 2020 soon surfaced. From terrorist attacks in Germany and India to anti-mask protests across the U.S. and Europe, radical right violence escalated in the midst of circulating conspiracy theories and disinformation. The yearbook draws upon insightful analyses from an international network of scholars, policymakers, and practitioners who explore the dynamics and impact of the radical right. It explores a wide range of topics including reflections on authoritarianism and fascism, the role of ideology and (counter-)intellectuals, and radical-right responses to the pandemic and calls for police reform in the height of the Black Lives Matter protests. It ends with important assessments on best approaches towards countering the radical right, both online and offline. This timely overview provides a broad examination of the global radical right in 2020, which will be useful for scholars, students, policymakers, journalists, and the public.
Why have we seen such a dramatic rise of radical-right parties recently, and what have the consequences been? This dissertation traces the three main stages of the rising radical- right: first, how have they been succeeding in elections? Second, after winning election, why is their participation in government coalitions becoming more common? And third, what have the substantive effects of this government participation been on the quality and stability of liberal democracy?I begin by examining the dynamics of the radical-right's electoral success in relation to the rising trend of publicly funding electoral campaigns at the national level. While public financing is often thought of as a way to "level the playing field" of elections, I argue that such policies have had unintended second-order consequences by disproportionately aiding the rise radical-right parties. I further demonstrate that this public funding policy severs the tie of radical-right performance to economic growth. This is a counter-intuitive result, as public campaign finance is often considered a priority of the left to restore power to the majority, and yet, it seems to aid those on the right fringes of the political spectrum.Given this increased electoral success, chapter two investigates why these parties have found themselves in more and more governing coalitions recently. Until now, the literature was without a succinct explanation for why this is occurring—instead characterizing the trend as "politics as usual." I develop a new theory characterizing such moves as the co- optation of a growing political rival in an effort to minimize electoral threat. That is, as the radical platform rises in salience, and radical parties are more threatening to the electoral success of a moderate party, they will invite the party into their government, thereby staving off said threat.Finally, I look at the impacts of said coalitions on liberal democracy. While many argue radical-right parties to be one of the largest contemporary threats to democracy, the evidence remains largely anecdotal. I empirically demonstrate that the implications of a growing radical-right are far more severe than previously assumed. Besides being the source of a potential for democratic breakdown when they take power, radical-right parties bring with them real decreases in the level of liberal democracy not only when holding executive control, but also as they merely participate in government coalitions. The specific effects differ depending on the type of power held. When holding the prime ministership, we see significant deteriorations to both institutional constraints on the executive and mass civil liberties. When limited to junior coalition-partner status, we only see the latter affected.Overall, this dissertation aims to trace the three stages of the rising radical-right phenomenon. It begins with a study on how they win elections, moves to an analysis of their entrance into ruling coalitions, and ends with an investigation of the effects of this rise on liberal democracy.
The Rise of the Radical Right in the Global South is the first academic study—adopting an interdisciplinary and international perspective—to offer a comprehensive and groundbreaking framework for understanding the emergence and consolidation of different radical-right movements in Global South countries in the twenty-first century. From deforestation and the anti-vaccine movement in Bolsonaro’s Brazil to the massacre of religious minorities in Modi’s India, the rise of the radical right in the Global South is in the news every day. Not long ago, some of these countries were globally celebrated as emerging economies that consolidated vibrant democracies. Nonetheless, they never overcame structural problems including economic inequality, social violence, cultural conservatism, and political authoritarianism. Featuring case studies from Brazil, India, the Philippines, and South Africa, and more generally from Africa and Latin America, this book analyses future scenarios and current alternatives to this political movement to the radical right. It proposes a shift of focus in examining such a trend, adopting a view from the Global South; conventional theoretical tools developed around the experience in Global North countries are not enough. The authors show that the radical right in the Global South should be analysed through specific lenses, considering national historical patterns of political and economic development and instability. They also warn that researching these countries may differ from contexts where democratic institutions are more reliable. This does not mean abandoning a transnational understanding of the radical right; rather, it calls for the opposite: the chapters examine how the radical right is invented, adapted, modified, and resisted in specific regions of the globe. This volume will be of interest to all those researching the radical right and the politics of development and the Global South.
The far right is back with a vengeance. After several decades at the political margins, far-right politics has again taken center stage. Three of the world’s largest democracies – Brazil, India, and the United States – now have a radical right leader, while far-right parties continue to increase their profile and support within Europe. In this timely book, leading global expert on political extremism Cas Mudde provides a concise overview of the fourth wave of postwar far-right politics, exploring its history, ideology, organization, causes, and consequences, as well as the responses available to civil society, party, and state actors to challenge its ideas and influence. What defines this current far-right renaissance, Mudde argues, is its mainstreaming and normalization within the contemporary political landscape. Challenging orthodox thinking on the relationship between conventional and far-right politics, Mudde offers a complex and insightful picture of one of the key political challenges of our time.