[PDF] Towards Improved Modeling For Hydrologic Predictions In Poorly Gauged Basins eBook

Author : Koray Kamil Yilmaz
Publisher :
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 38,24 MB
Release : 2007
Category :
ISBN :

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In most regions of the world, and particularly in developing countries, the possibility and reliability of hydrologic predictions is severely limited, because conventional measurement networks (e.g. rain and stream gauges) are either nonexistent or sparsely located. This study, therefore, investigates various systems methods and newly available data acquisition techniques to evaluate their potential for improving hydrologic predictions in poorly gaged and ungaged watersheds. Part One of this study explores the utility of satellite-remote-sensing-based rainfall estimates for watershed-scale hydrologic modeling at watersheds in the Southeastern U.S. The results indicate that satellite-based rainfall estimates may contain significant bias which varies with watershed size and location. This bias, of course, then propagates into the hydrologic model simulations. However, model performance in large basins can be significantly improved if short-term streamflow observations are available for model calibration. Part Two of this study deals with the fact that hydrologic predictions in poorly gauged/ungauged watersheds rely strongly on a priori estimates of the model parameters derived from observable watershed characteristics. Two different investigations of the reliability of a priori parameter estimates for the distributed HL-DHMS model were conducted. First, a multi-criteria penalty function framework was formulated to assess the degree of agreement between the information content (about model parameters) contained in the precipitation-streamflow observational data set and that given by the a priori parameter estimates. The calibration includes a novel approach to handling spatially distributed parameters and streamflow measurement errors. The results indicated the existence of a significant trade-off between the ability to maintain reasonable model performance while maintaining the parameters close to their a priori values. The analysis indicates those parameters responsible for this discrepancy so that corrective measures can be devised. Second, a diagnostic approach to model performance assessment was developed based on a hierarchical conceptualization of the major functions of any watershed system."Signature measures"are proposed that effectively extract the information about various watershed functions contained in the streamflow observations. Manual and automated approaches to the diagnostic model evaluation were explored and were found to be valuable in constraining the range of parameter sets while maintaining conceptual consistency of the model.

Author : Tuan Bao Le
Publisher :
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 20,70 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Hydrologic models
ISBN : 9781321194760

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This research, focused on semi-distributed physically-based hydrological modeling in the tropics and subtropics, is represented in three parts. Part one aims to vigorously evaluate the performance of hydrologic model in simulating the hydrologic response of a subtropical data-rich gauged basin in the U.S., the Upper Kentucky River basin. Part two examines the performance and reliability of the validated model in a tropical data-poor ungauged basin in Central Vietnam, the Huong River basin. This part also studies total suspended solids concentration simulation beside river discharge and indentifies possible anthropogenic impacts on natural river flow. Part three is an assessment of water availability in the Vietnam basin for the twenty first century driven by projected climatic data from different Global Climate Models. The hydrologic model that is used in this research is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a semi integrated physically-based watershed model. Hydrological modeling in this research takes advantage of the recent advances in Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing and employs publicly available products such as climatic data and Global Climate Model projections. Research results suggest that the SWAT model has good performance in the Upper Kentucky River basin and has the capability of reproducing daily discharge in alternative time periods and locations of the river. However, the SWAT model, driven by remotely sensed inputs, can only reasonably simulate runoff processes in absence of ground observations as in the Huong River basin. The study's results also indicate the continuous increase in summer and fall discharge of Huong River within the twenty-first century in A2 and B1 scenarios. In A1B scenario, HadCM3 and GFDL-CM2.1 models predict a decrease in river discharge from present to 2060s and then increase until 2080s; while ECHAM5-OM model produces opposite projection that discharge will increase until 2060s and then decrease for the rest of the century.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 10,38 MB
Release : 2002-05-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309083478

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The Committee on Hydrologic Science (COHS) of the National Research Council (NRC) is engaged in studying the priorities and future strategies for hydrologic science. In order to involve a broad community representation, COHS is organizing workshops on priority topics in hydrologic science. These efforts will culminate in reports from the NRC on the individual workshops as well as a synthesis report on strategic directions in hydrologic science. The first workshop-Predictability and Limits-to-Prediction in Hydrologic Systems-was held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, September 21-22, 2000. Fourteen technical presentations covered basic research and understanding, model formulations and behavior, observing strategies, and transition to operational predictions.

Author : Yang Hong
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 13,89 MB
Release : 2016-10-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1315353326

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Environmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As water security is one of the most critical issues in the world, satellite remote sensing techniques are of particular importance for emerging regions which have inadequate in-situ gauge observations. This book reviews multiple remote sensing observations, the application of remote sensing in hydrological modeling, data assimilation and hydrological capacity building in emerging regions.

Author : Jonathan Drew Herman
Publisher :
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 10,19 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :

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Computational models are essential tools for prediction and planning in water resources systems to ensure human water security and environmental health. Water systems models merely approximate the processes by which water moves through natural and built environments; their value depends on assumptions regarding climate, demand, land use, and other uncertain factors that may influence decision making. Numerical techniques to explore the role of these uncertain factors, known as diagnostic methods, can highlight opportunities to improve the accuracy of prediction as well as identify influential uncertainties to inform additional research and policy. This dissertation advances diagnostic methods for water resources models to identify (1) time-varying dominant processes driving modeled hydrologic predictions in flood forecasting, and (2) tradeoffs and vulnerabilities to changing climate and demands in regional urban water supply systems planning for drought. This work proposes diagnostic methods as a key element of a posteriori decision support, in which decision alternatives and vulnerable scenarios are identified following computational modeling and data analysis. Consistent with this theme, this work follows a multi-objective approach in which stakeholders can analyze tradeoffs between conflicting objectives as part of an iterative constructive learning process. For a spatially distributed flood forecasting model, results show that dominant uncertainties vary in space and time, and can inform model-based scientific inference as well as decision making. Similarly, the results of the urban water supply study indicate that sensitivity analysis can suggest costeffective paths to mitigate vulnerability to deeply uncertain future scenarios, for which likelihoods remain unknown or disputed. The multi-objective approach allows stakeholders to explore tradeoffs in their modeled robustness to inform intra-regional policies such as transfer contracts and shared infrastructure investments. Bridging the areas of hydrology and water systems planning is increasingly valuable, as hydrologic modelers begin to incorporate anthropogenic influences on the water cycle, and water systems planners begin to explore uncertainty in hydrologic process representation. In summary, this work develops diagnostic methods to identify time-varying dominant processes in distributed flood forecasting as well as tradeoffs and vulnerabilities under change in regional urban water supply, ultimately seeking to improve model-based planning for extreme floods and droughts in water resources systems.

Author : Günter Blöschl
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 14,42 MB
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 1107028183

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A synthesis of international catchment hydrology research, for researchers and professionals in hydrology, soil science, and environmental and civil engineering.

Author : Soroosh Sorooshian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,82 MB
Release : 2008-07-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540778438

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This volume is a collection of a selected number of articles based on presentations at the 2005 L’Aquila (Italy) Summer School on the topic of “Hydrologic Modeling and Water Cycle: Coupling of the Atmosphere and Hydrological Models”. The p- mary focus of this volume is on hydrologic modeling and their data requirements, especially precipitation. As the eld of hydrologic modeling is experiencing rapid development and transition to application of distributed models, many challenges including overcoming the requirements of compatible observations of inputs and outputs must be addressed. A number of papers address the recent advances in the State-of-the-art distributed precipitation estimation from satellites. A number of articles address the issues related to the data merging and use of geo-statistical techniques for addressing data limitations at spatial resolutions to capture the h- erogeneity of physical processes. The participants at the School came from diverse backgrounds and the level of - terest and active involvement in the discussions clearly demonstrated the importance the scienti c community places on challenges related to the coupling of atmospheric and hydrologic models. Along with my colleagues Dr. Erika Coppola and Dr. Kuolin Hsu, co-directors of the School, we greatly appreciate the invited lectures and all the participants. The members of the local organizing committee, Drs Barbara Tomassetti; Marco Verdecchia and Guido Visconti were instrumental in the success of the school and their contributions, both scienti cally and organizationally are much appreciated.

Author : Venkataraman Lakshmi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 18,5 MB
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118872266

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Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle is an outcome of the AGU Chapman Conference held in February 2012. This is a comprehensive volume that examines the use of available remote sensing satellite data as well as data from future missions that can be used to expand our knowledge in quantifying the spatial and temporal variations in the terrestrial water cycle. Volume highlights include: An in-depth discussion of the global water cycle Approaches to various problems in climate, weather, hydrology, and agriculture Applications of satellite remote sensing in measuring precipitation, surface water, snow, soil moisture, groundwater, modeling, and data assimilation A description of the use of satellite data for accurately estimating and monitoring the components of the hydrological cycle Discussion of the measurement of multiple geophysical variables and properties over different landscapes on a temporal and a regional scale

Author : D.S Bowles
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 34,11 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401134804

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Modeling of the rainfall-runoff process is of both scientific and practical significance. Many of the currently used mathematical models of hydrologic systems were developed a genera tion ago. Much of the effort since then has focused on refining these models rather than on developing new models based on improved scientific understanding. In the past few years, however, a renewed effort has been made to improve both our fundamental understanding of hydrologic processes and to exploit technological advances in computing and remote sensing. It is against this background that the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems was organized. The idea for holding a NATO ASI on this topic grew out of an informal discussion between one of the co-directors and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia at a previous NATO ASI held at Tucson, Arizona in 1985. The Special Program Panel on Global Transport Mechanisms in the Geo-Sciences of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division agreed to sponsor the ASI and an organizing committee was formed. The committee comprised the co directors, Professor David S. Bowles (U.S.A.) and Professor P. Enda O'Connell (U.K.), and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia (Portugal), Dr. Donn G. DeCoursey (U.S.A.), and Professor Ezio Todini (Italy).