[PDF] Time Lapse Seismic Monitoring For Enhanced Oil Recovery And Carbon Capture And Storage Field Site At The Cranfield Field Mississippi eBook

Author : Julie Nicole Ditkof
Publisher :
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 13,55 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN :

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The Cranfield field, located in southwest Mississippi, is an enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration project that has been under a continuous supercritical CO2 injection by Denbury Onshore LLC since 2008. Two 3D seismic surveys were collected in 2007, pre-CO2 injection, and in 2010 after > 2 million tons of CO2 was injected into the subsurface. The goal of this study is to characterize a time-lapse response between two seismic surveys to understand where injected CO2 is migrating and to map the injected CO2 plume edge. In order to characterize a time-lapse response, the seismic surveys were cross equalized using a trace-by-trace time shift. A normalized root-mean-square (NRMS) difference value was then calculated to determine the repeatability of the data. The data were considered to have "good repeatability," so a difference volume was calculated and showed a coherent seismic amplitude anomaly located through the area of interest. A coherent seismic amplitude anomaly was also present below the area of interest, so a time delay analysis was performed and calculated a significant added velocity change. A Gassmann-Wood fluid substitution workflow was then performed at two well locations to predict a saturation profile and observe post-injection expected changes in compressional velocity values at variable CO2 saturations. Finally, acoustic impedance inversions were performed on the two seismic surveys and an acoustic impedance difference volume was calculated to compare with the fluid substitution results. The Gassmann-Wood fluid substitution results predicted smaller changes in acoustic impedance than those observed from acoustic impedance inversions. At the Cranfield field, time-lapse seismic analysis was successful in mapping and quantifying the acoustic impedance change for some seismic amplitude anomalies associated with injected CO2. Additional well log data and refinement of the fluid substitution workflow and the model-based inversion performed is necessary to obtain more accurate impedance changes throughout the field instead of at a single well location.

Author : Lianjie Huang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 12,32 MB
Release : 2022-04-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 1119156831

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Methods and techniques for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage Storing carbon dioxide in underground geological formations is emerging as a promising technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A range of geophysical techniques can be deployed to remotely track carbon dioxide plumes and monitor changes in the subsurface, which is critical for ensuring for safe, long-term storage. Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage provides a comprehensive review of different geophysical techniques currently in use and being developed, assessing their advantages and limitations. Volume highlights include: Geodetic and surface monitoring techniques Subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques Subsurface monitoring using non-seismic techniques Case studies of geophysical monitoring at different geologic carbon storage sites The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Author : Junzo Kasahara
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 29,3 MB
Release : 2016-10-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128036095

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Time Lapse Approach to Monitoring Oil, Gas, and CO2 Storage by Seismic Methods delivers a new technology to geoscientists, well logging experts, and reservoir engineers, giving them a new basis on which to influence decisions on oil and gas reservoir management. Named ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System), this new evaluation method is presented to address more complex reservoirs, such as shale and heavy oil. The book also discusses prolonged production methods for enhanced oil recovery. The monitoring of storage zones for carbon capture are also included, all helping the petroleum and reservoir engineer to fully extend the life of a field and locate untapped pockets of additional oil and gas resources. Rounded out with case studies from locations such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, this book will help readers, scientists, and engineers alike to better manage the life of their oil and gas resources and reservoirs. Benefits both geoscientists and reservoir engineers to optimize complex reservoirs such as shale and heavy oil Explains a more accurate and cost efficient reservoir monitoring technology called ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System) Illustrates real-world application through multiple case studies from around the world

Author : Junzō Kasahara
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing, is
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 24,15 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Imaging systems in seismology
ISBN :

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"Named ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System), this new evaluation method is presented to address more complex reservoirs, such as shale and heavy oil. The book also discusses prolonged production methods for enhanced oil recovery. The monitoring of storage zones for carbon capture are also included, all helping the petroleum and reservoir engineer to fully extend the life of a field and locate untapped pockets of additional oil and gas resources. Rounded out with case studies from locations such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, this book will help readers, scientists, and engineers alike to better manage the life of their oil and gas resources and reservoirs."--Provided by publisher

Author : Brian E. Toelle
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 35,5 MB
Release : 2006
Category :
ISBN :

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The ''Application of Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring for the Control and Optimization of CO{sub 2} Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations'' project is investigating the potential for monitoring CO{sub 2} floods in carbonate reservoirs through the use of standard p-wave seismic data. This project will involve the use of 4D seismic (time lapse seismic) to try to observe the movement of the injected CO{sub 2} through the reservoir. The differences between certain seismic attributes, such as amplitude, will be used to detect and map the movement of CO{sub 2} within the reservoir. This technique has recently been shown to be effective in CO{sub 2} monitoring in EOR projects such as Weyborne. The project is being conducted in the Charlton 30/31 field in northern Michigan Basin which is a Silurian pinnacle reef that has completed its primary production. This field is now undergoing enhanced oil recovery using CO{sub 2}. The CO{sub 2} flood was initiated the end of 2005 when the injection of small amounts of CO{sub 2} begin in the A1 Carbonate. This injection was conducted for 2 months before being temporarily halted in order for pressure measurements to be conducted. The determination of the reservoir's porosity distribution is proving to be a significant portion of this project. In order to relate the differences observed between the seismic attributes seen on the multiple surveys and the actual location of the CO{sub 2}, a predictive reservoir simulation model had to be developed. From this model, an accurate determination of porosity within the carbonate reservoir must be obtained. For this certain seismic attributes have been investigated. The study reservoirs in the Charlton 30/31 field range from 50 to 400 acres in size. The relatively small area to image makes 3-D seismic data acquisition reasonably cost effective. Permeability and porosity vary considerably throughout the reef, thus it is essential to perform significant reservoir characterization and modeling prior to implementing a CO{sub 2} flood to maximize recovery efficiency. Should this project prove successful, the same technique could be applied across a large spectrum of the industry. In Michigan alone, the Niagaran reef play is comprised of over 700 Niagaran reefs with reservoirs already depleted by primary production. These reservoirs range in thickness from 200 to 400 ft and are at depths of 2000 to 5000 ft. Approximately 113 of these Niagaran oil fields have produced over 1 million bbls each and the total cumulative production is in excess of 300 million bbls and 1.4 Tcf. There could potentially be over 1 billion bbls of oil remaining in reefs in Michigan much of which could be mobilized utilizing techniques similar to those employed in this study.

Author : Ajitabh Kumar
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 28,97 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN :

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Production from a hydrocarbon reservoir is typically supported by water or carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. CO2 injection into hydrocarbon reservoirs is also a promising solution for reducing environmental hazards from the release of green house gases into the earth0́9s atmosphere. Numerical simulators are used for designing and predicting the complex behavior of systems under such scenarios. Two key steps in such studies are forward modeling for performance prediction based on simulation studies using reservoir models and inverse modeling for updating reservoir models using the data collected from field. The viability of time-lapse seismic monitoring using an integrated modeling of fluid flow, including chemical reactions, and seismic response is examined. A comprehensive simulation of the gas injection process accounting for the phase behavior of CO2-reservoir fluids, the associated precipitation/dissolution reactions, and the accompanying changes in porosity and permeability is performed. The simulation results are then used to model the changes in seismic response with time. The general observation is that gas injection decreases bulk density and wave velocity of the host rock system. Another key topic covered in this work is the data assimilation study for hydrocarbon reservoirs using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). Some critical issues related to EnKF based history matching are explored, primarily for a large field with substantial production history. A novel and efficient approach based on spectral clustering to select 0́optimal0́9 initial ensemble members is proposed. Also, well-specific black-oil or compositional streamline trajectories are used for covariance localization. Approach is applied to the Weyburn field, a large carbonate reservoir in Canada. The approach for optimal member selection is found to be effective in reducing the ensemble size which was critical for this large-scale field application. Streamline-based covariance localization is shown to play a very important role by removing spurious covariances between any well and far-off cell permeabilities. Finally, time-lapse seismic study is done for the Weyburn field. Sensitivity of various bulk seismic parameters viz velocity and impedance is calculated with respect to different simulation parameters. Results show large correlation between porosity and seismic parameters. Bulk seismic parameters are sensitive to net overburden pressure at its low values. Time-lapse changes in pore-pressure lead to changes in bulk parameters like velocity and impedance.

Author : David H. Johnston
Publisher : SEG Books
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 16,57 MB
Release : 2013
Category : Science
ISBN : 156080307X

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Time-lapse (4D) seismic technology is a key enabler for improved hydrocarbon recovery and more cost-effective field operations. This book shows how 4D data are used for reservoir surveillance, add value to reservoir management, and provide valuable insight on dynamic reservoir properties such as fluid saturation, pressure, and temperature.

Author : Adeyemi Temitope Arogunmati
Publisher : Stanford University
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 37,19 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :

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Current strategies and logistics for seismic data acquisition impose restrictions on the calendar-time temporal resolution obtainable for a given time-lapse monitoring program. One factor that restricts the implementation of a quasi-continuous monitoring program using conventional strategies is the time it takes to acquire a complete survey. Here quasi-continuous monitoring describes the process of reservoir monitoring at short time intervals. This dissertation describes an approach that circumvents the restriction by requiring only a subset of a complete survey data each time an image of the reservoir is needed. Ideally, the time interval between survey subset acquisitions should be short so that changes in the reservoir properties are small. The accumulated data acquired are used to estimate the unavailable data at the monitor survey time, and the combined known and estimated data are used to produce an image of the subsurface for monitoring. Quasi-continuous seismic monitoring can be used to monitor geologic reservoirs during the injection phase of a carbon dioxide sequestration project. It can also be used to monitor reservoir changes between injector and producer wells during the secondary recovery phase in an oil field. The primary advantage of a quasi-continuous monitoring strategy over the conventional strategy is the high temporal resolution of the reservoir changes obtainable. Naturally, the spatial resolution of the image obtained using a subset of the data from a full survey will be worse than the spatial resolution of the image obtained using the complete data from a full survey. However, if the unavailable data are estimated perfectly, the spatial resolution is not lost. The choice of estimation algorithm and the size of the known data play an important role in the success of the approach presented in this dissertation.

Author : Austin Krehel
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 21,56 MB
Release : 2017
Category :
ISBN :

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Advancements, applications, and success of time-lapse (4D) seismic monitoring of carbonate reservoirs is limited by these systems' inherent heterogeneity and low compressibility relative to siliciclastic systems. To contribute to the advancement of 4D seismic monitoring in carbonates, an investigation of amplitude envelope across frequency sub-bands was conducted on a high-resolution 4D seismic data set acquired in fine temporal intervals between a baseline and eight monitor surveys to track CO2-EOR from 2003-2005 in the Hall-Gurney Field, Kansas. The shallow (approximately 900 m) Plattsburg 'C Zone' target reservoir is an oomoldic limestone within the Lansing-Kansas City (LKC) supergroup -- deposited as a sequence of high-frequency, stacked cyclothems. The LKC reservoir fluctuates around thin-bed thickness within the well pattern region and is susceptible to amplitude tuning effects, in which CO2 replacement of initial reservoir fluid generates a complex tuning phenomena with reduction and brightening of amplitude at reservoir thickness above and below thin-bed thickness, respectively. A thorough analysis of horizon snapping criteria and parameters was conducted to understand the sensitivity of these autonomous operations and produce a robust horizon tracking workflow to extend the Baseline Survey horizon data to subsequent Monitor Surveys. This 4D seismic horizon tracking workflow expedited the horizon tracking process across monitor surveys, while following a quantitative, repeatable approach in tracking the LKC and maintaining geologic integrity despite low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data and misties between surveys. Analysis of amplitude envelope data across frequency sub-bands (30-80 Hz) following spectral decomposition identified geometric features of multiple LKC shoal bodies at the reservoir interval. In corroboration with prior geologic interpretation, shoal boundaries, zones of overlap between stacked shoals, thickness variation, and lateral changes in lithofacies were delineated in the Baseline Survey, which enhanced detail of these features' extent beyond capacity offered from well log data. Lineaments dominated by low-frequency anomalies within regions of adjacent shoals' boundaries suggest thicker zones of potential shoal overlap. Analysis of frequency band-to-band analysis reveals relative thickness variation. Spectral decomposition of the amplitude envelope was analyzed between the Baseline and Monitor Surveys to identify spectral and tuning changes to monitor CO2 migration. Ambiguity of CO2 effects on tuning phenomena was observed in zones of known CO2 fluid replacement. A series of lineaments highlighted by amplitude brightening from the Baseline to Monitor Surveys is observed, which compete with a more spatially extensive effect of subtle amplitude dimming. These lineaments are suggestive of features below tuning thickness, such as stratigraphic structures of shoals, fractures, and/or thin shoal edges, which are highlighted by an increased apparent thickness and onset of tuning from CO2. Detailed analysis of these 4D seismic data across frequency sub-bands provide enhanced interpretation of shoal geometry, position, and overlap; identification of lateral changes in lithofacies suggestive of barriers and conduits; insight into relative thickness variation; and the ability of CO2 tuning ambiguity to highlight zones below tuning thickness and improve reservoir characterization. These results suggest improved efficiency of CO2 -EOR reservoir surveillance in carbonates, with implications to ensure optimal field planning and flood performance for analogous targets.

Author : Thomas L. Davis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 41,5 MB
Release : 2019-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1107137497

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An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.