[PDF] The Use Of Best Management Practices Bmps In Urban Watersheds eBook
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"Presents and compares all major stormwater/runoff control strategies ; New data on pollutant removal efficiencies, design, costs, environmental impacts and more ; Where and why to use the best techniques for limiting/monitoring diffuse pollution ; Provides the tools to meet regulations and improve water quality in urban/suburban watersheds"--From publisher's description.
This guide examines permanent structural techniques, or Best Management Practices (BMPs), which can be used for retrofitting the stormwater management systems in existing developed areas. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are explained to help engineering professionals select the BMP (or series of BMPs) best suited for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff at a particular location. The design factors considered include land availability, type of pollutant to be removed, groundwater levels, soil types, BMP costs, maintenance costs, and desired pollutant removal efficiency. The BMPs evaluated are ponds, alum treatment systems, constructed wetlands, sand filters, baffle boxes, inlet devices, vegetated swales, buffer strips, and infiltration/exfiltration trenches. A BMP Selection Guide, in an easy-to-use matrix format, aids in the decision-making process for BMP selections. Five design factors and five pollutant types (total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, heavy metals, and floating trash) are evaluated for each BMP in the matrix. BMPs presented in this guide were chosen based upon common availability, ease of maintenance, and an established track record.
This technical note describes the need for and use of a variety of best management practices (BMPs) for urban and agricultural watersheds as a means to manage, protect, and restore the quality of water resources.
In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.