[PDF] The Structural Determinants Of The Labor Share In Europe eBook

Author : Dilyana Dimova
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 46,55 MB
Release : 2019-03-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1498304834

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The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets.

Author : Hielke Buddelmeyer
Publisher :
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 47,83 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Business cycles
ISBN :

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Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. Some theory: the factors influencing part-time employment - 3. The framework of the empirical analysis - 4. The effect of the businnes cycle on part-time employment in the short to medium run - 5. The influence of institutions and other structural variables on the part-time employment rate in the longer run - 6. Conclusions.

Author : Olivier G. Giovannoni
Publisher :
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 40,20 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Income distribution
ISBN :

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Economic theory frequently assumes constant factor shares and often treats the topic as secondary. We will show that this is a mistake by deriving the first high-frequency measure of the US labor share for the whole economy. We find that the labor share has held remarkably steady indeed, but that the quasi-stability masks a sizable composition effect that is detrimental to labor. The wage component is falling fast and the stability is achieved by an increasing share of benefits and top incomes. Using NIPA and Piketty-Saez top-income data, we estimate that the US bottom 99 percent labor share has fallen 15 points since 1980. This amounts to a transfer of $1.8 trillion from labor to capital in 2012 alone and brings the US labor share to its 1920s level. The trend is similar in Europe and Japan. The decrease is even larger when the CPI is used instead of the GDP deflator in the calculation of the labor share.

Author : Mai Chi Dao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 12,66 MB
Release : 2017-07-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1484311043

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This paper documents the downward trend in the labor share of global income since the early 1990s, as well as its heterogeneous evolution across countries, industries and worker skill groups, using a newly assembled dataset, and analyzes the drivers behind it. Technological progress, along with varying exposure to routine occupations, explains about half the overall decline in advanced economies, with a larger negative impact on middle-skilled workers. In emerging markets, the labor share evolution is explained predominantly by global integration, particularly the expansion of global value chains that contributed to raising the overall capital intensity in production.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 26,76 MB
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author : Lequiller François
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 39,94 MB
Release : 2014-10-20
Category :
ISBN : 9264214631

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This is an update of OECD 2006 "Understanding National Accounts". It contains new data, new chapters and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010.

Author : Mattias Vermeiren
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 14,17 MB
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1509537708

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Spiralling inequality since the 1970s and the global financial crisis of 2008 have been the two most important challenges to democratic capitalism since the Great Depression. To understand the political economy of contemporary Europe and America we must, therefore, put inequality and crisis at the heart of the picture. In this innovative new textbook Mattias Vermeiren does just this, demonstrating that both the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis resulted from a mutually reinforcing but ultimately unsustainable relationship between countries with debt-led and export-led growth models, models fundamentally shaped by soaring income and wealth inequality. He traces the emergence of these two growth models by giving a comprehensive overview, deeply informed by the comparative and international political economy literature, of recent developments in the four key domains that have shaped the dynamics of crisis and inequality: macroeconomic policy, social policy, corporate governance and financial policy. He goes on to assess the prospects for the emergence of a more egalitarian and sustainable form of democratic capitalism. This fresh and insightful overview of contemporary Western capitalism will be essential reading for all students and scholars of international and comparative political economy.

Author : Samin Aref
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 45,79 MB
Release : 2020-10-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3030609758

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This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Social Informatics, SocInfo 2020, held in Pisa, Italy, in October 2020. The 30 full and 3 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 99 submissions. The papers presented in this volume cover a broad range of topics, ranging from works that ground information-system design on social concepts, to papers that analyze complex social systems using computational methods, or explore socio-technical systems using social sciences methods.

Author : Gabriele Ciminelli
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 41,2 MB
Release : 2018-08-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1484373723

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Labor market deregulation, intended to boost productivity and employment, is one plausible, yet little studied, driver of the decline in labor shares that took place across most advanced economies since the early 1990s. This paper assesses the impact of job protection deregulation in a sample of 26 advanced economies over the period 1970-2015, using a newly constructed dataset of major reforms to employment protection legislation for regular contracts. We apply the local projection method to estimate the dynamic response of the labor share to our reform events at both the country and the country-industry levels. For the latter, we employ a differences-in-differences identification strategy using two identifying assumptions grounded in theory—namely that job protection deregulation should have larger negative effects in industries characterized by (i) a higher “natural” propensity to adjust the workforce, and (ii) a lower elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. We find a statistically significant, economically large and robust negative effect of deregulation on the labor share. In particular, illustrative back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that job protection deregulation may have contributed about 15 percent to the average labor share decline in advanced economies. Together with existing evidence regarding the macroeconomic gains from job protection and other labor market reforms, our results also point to the need for policymakers to address efficiency-equity trade-offs when designing such reforms.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 24,4 MB
Release : 2016-02-26
Category :
ISBN : 9264250085

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Going for Growth is the OECD’s regular report on structural reforms in policy areas that have been identified as priorities to boost incomes in OECD and selected non-OECD countries (Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Latvia, Russian Federation and South Africa).