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The Svabhavikasutra is the original text on which the Bhagavadgita has been interpolated. The additions include reference to caste and the system of four classes, with a religious devotion to the god Krishna, and a war as background. The roots of the Bhagavadgita, the Svabhavikasutra, focuses on a deep spiritual philosophy, without a reference to a caste system, or to Arjuna or Krishna, or to a war.
This work aims for a translation close to what is found in the Sanskrit text. All translators make choices based on their background and understanding of the context of a text. Not knowing Sanskrit, a reader has to accept the translator's choices. By providing a dictionary, which includes the inflected forms occurring in the Sanskrit verses, the reader can accept the translation, change it, and/or gain a deeper understanding of the Sanskrit verse under consideration. Using the Index of Verb Forms, a student of Sanskrit can find examples of inflected forms applied in the 320 verses of the Bhagavadgita translated in this book. The Index of Meanings gives the underlying meaning of the root of a verb. In the introduction to each chapter, comments on the Svabhavikasutra and the Bhagavadgita are compared.
The first 51 pages of this Volume II of the "Svabhavikasutra: The Roots of the Bhagavadgita extends and substantiates the introduction given in Part Two of Volume I: "Comments on the Svabhavikasutra." "Dating the Bhagavadgita" reviews the date of Buddha's death, the chronology of the Upanisads, layered structures in the Bhagavadgita, and the dating of the Mahabharata. "A Review of the Search for Its Original" examines the critical editions of the Mahabharata and the Bhagavadgita, the Ur-Bhagavadgitas by von Humboldt, Garbe and Otto, Jacobi and Oldenberg, Sinha, and Jezic; the three authors and layers defined by Khair and Malinar; the extended Bhagavadgita by Bhattacharjya; and the source text of the Bhagavadgita, the Svabhavikasutra, found by Saswitha. "The Class-Caste System with Its Genetic Evidence" discusses and shows that the caste system in India was introduced in the last centuries BCE. It is suggested that it was promoted by the brahmins for political rather than spiritual reasons. In Vedic times admixture was the norm, where one chose one's own partner, as is confirmed by recently found genomic data. An overall generation length for the Indian people has been derived from long-term population growth, historic data, and data from genomic studies. Applying this length also confirms the brahmanization of northern India 70 generations ago, and the late first occurrence of a large, four-armed sculpture of Krishna among the bas-reliefs of Badami (c. 500-800 CE). There is no reference either to a class-caste system or to a theistic devotion to Krishna in the Svabhavikasutra. Pages 52-175 give a detailed grammatical commentary with a vocabulary to explain the choices made for the translation into Sanskrit of the Svabhavikasutra, together with the Dutch and English versions.
The Gita discusses the science and spirituality of Life. The Original Gita contains 209 verses displaying the essence of the Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita. These 209 verses are made available for the first time in English with short comments. Word for word Sanskrit-English translations of the 319 verses of the Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita are included so that from the differences and similarities interpolations become clear. Included is a mini Sanskrit-English dictionary. The book starts with a discussion on what is thinking, spacetime, life and death to provide the reader a basic understanding of the Gita.
A comprehensive manual for living a spiritual life, based on a verse-by-verse commentary on India’s timeless scripture – from the author of its best-selling translation. This ebook includes all three volumes in this series. The Bhagavad Gita is set on the battlefield of an apocalyptic war between good and evil. Faced with a dire moral dilemma, the warrior prince Arjuna turns in anguish to his spiritual guide, Sri Krishna, for answers to the fundamental questions of life. Easwaran points out that Arjuna’s crisis is acutely modern. The Gita’s battlefield is the struggle for self-mastery that every human being must wage. Arjuna represents each of us, and Sri Krishna is the Lord, instructing us in eighteen chapters of lofty wisdom as we face the social, environmental, and global challenges that threaten our world today. Easwaran is a spiritual teacher and author of deep insight and warmth. His verse-by-verse commentary interprets the Gita’s teachings for modern readers, explaining the Sanskrit concepts and philosophy and applying them with practicality, wisdom, and humor to every aspect of our work, our relationships, and our lives. With everyday anecdotes, stories, and examples, he shows that the changes we long to see in the world start with the transformation of our own consciousness. The practical exercises recommended by Easwaran to achieve transformation are part of a spiritual program he developed for his own life. They are accessible to people from all backgrounds and cultures. Urging us to adopt a higher image of the human being, he assures us that peace and unity are within reach. Each volume of this series covers six chapters of the Gita. Each may be read on its own, but all three volumes together form an in-depth, verse-by-verse explanation of this ancient scripture and its relevance today. Included are instructions in Easwaran's universal eight-point program of passage meditation. Volume 1: The first six chapters of the Gita explore the concept of the innermost Self and source of wisdom in each of us. Easwaran explains how we can begin to transform ourselves, even as householders engaged in busy lives. Volume 2: The next six chapters of the Gita go beyond the individual Self to explore the Supreme Reality underlying all creation. Easwaran builds a bridge across the seeming divide between scientific knowledge and spiritual wisdom, and explains how the concept of the unity of life can help us in all our relationships. Volume 3: The final six chapters put forth an urgent appeal for us to begin to see that all of us are one – to make the connection between the Self within and the Reality underlying all creation. Global in scope, the emphasis is on what we can do to make a difference to heal our environment and establish peace in the world. Easwaran’s commentary is for all students of the Gita, whatever their background, and for anyone who is trying to find a path to wisdom, love, and kindness in themselves and our troubled world. Written as an authoritative, accessible guide to a much-loved scripture, it is a handbook for finding peace and clarity within. This second edition incorporates revisions made across all three volumes following the author’s final instructions.
The Bhagavad-Gita has the original Sanskrit Text with Roman Transliteration, and a lucid English Rendition. Concise and to the point commentaries of two hundred twenty seven selected key verses are provided. One hundred thirtythree verses are printed in red to enable the first-time readers to study these verses before delving deep into the vast ocean of transcendental knowledge. The teachings of saints and sages of major religious denominations as well as world leaders and scholars have been included. Quotations from the Vedas, Puranas, Upanisads, Smrtis, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhakti-sutras, Brahma-sutra, Yoga-sutra, as well as other major scriptures of the world such as the Bible, Dhammapad and Koran have been incorporated to underline the basic unity of all religious thoughts and to promote the universal brotherhood of mankind. Epilogue, references, Sanskrit transliteration and pro-nunciation guide, glossary and index are provided. A guide to meditation, beautiful pictures and Gita Calisa are included for daily sadhana.
This book, first published in 1962, is an analysis of the history of the philosophy of a country that has never distinguished philosophy from religion. Indian philosophy is not merely metaphysical speculation, but has its foundation in immediate perception. This insistence upon immediate perception rather than abstract reasoning is what distinguishes the Indian philosophy of religion from philosophy as Western nations know it.
In Part One, the philosophy of striving for Oneness is put forward in three chapters entitled Thinking-Entanglement, Space-Time, and Life-Death. Part Two is a commentary on "The Original Gita" in eighteen chapters with references to Part One.