[PDF] The Role Of The Inflammasome And Interleukin 18 Il 18 In Enteric Infection Pathogenesis eBook

Author : Yifei Zhong
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 27,86 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

"The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have dramatically risen in both developed and developing nations in the last 50 years. While there has been much debate on both the genetic and environmental causes of IBD, it is thought to arise from an abnormal immune response to the commensal intestinal microbiota in susceptible individuals. Recent human and mouse genetic results, as well as functional data from experimental animal models of colitis, have both pointed to a key role of the inflammasome-IL-18 pathway in intestinal homeostasis. The inflammasomes are sensors of microbial/danger signals and are key effectors of the innate inflammatory response. They are scaffolded by intracellular pattern recognition receptors and are required for the activation of caspase-1, an inflammatory protease necessary for the processing of IL-1[beta] and IL-18 into their mature biologically active cytokine forms. We hypothesized that IL-18 is required for the activation and effector functions of specific intestinal cells that initiate downstream epithelial repair and host defense mechanisms. In an experimental model of infectious colitis using Citrobacter rodentium infection, we determined that Il18-/- mice were more susceptible to C. rodentium infection compared to wild-type (WT) mice. However, infections using Rag1-/- and Rag1-/-/Il18-/- mice showed a reverse phenotype; Rag1-/- mice showed increased disease phenotypes compared to Rag1-/-/Il18-/- mice. Bone marrow chimera experiments using WT and Il18r-/- mice further demonstrated that IL-18 signaling in the stromal or radio-resistant compartment is vital for host resistance. Altogether, these results suggest that IL-18 plays a dual role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses during an infection that is crucial to control the severity of the disease. The future identification of IL-18-responsive stromal cells as well as the exploration of the role of IL-18 signaling and downstream effector functions of target cells in intestinal homeostasis will further allow us to assemble a more comprehensive picture of interactions between IL-18 and mucosal stromal cells after injury or infection, and how these pathways are able to affect both the generation and progression of the disease." --

Author : Jean-Marc Cavaillon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1818 pages
File Size : 43,6 MB
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3527338993

GET BOOK

Dieses Fachbuch erläutert die molekularen Grundlagen von Entzündungen, spannt den Bogen zu Infektionskrankheiten und den Zusammenhang zwischen Entzündungen und chronischen Erkrankungen, behandelt abschließend den Heilungsprozess und zeigt Therapiemöglichkeiten.

Author : Christine M. De Nardo
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,23 MB
Release : 2013-07-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781627035224

GET BOOK

This Methods in Molecular Biology book offers methods for studying inflammasome function, including generation of inflammasome stimuli, monitoring of caspase-1 activity and processing, activation of IL-1β cytokines, plus lab protocols, material lists and tips.

Author : Isabelle Couillin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 28,17 MB
Release : 2011-07-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3034801483

GET BOOK

The inflammasome was first described in 2002 as a molecular complex activating proinflammatory caspases and therefore regulating the maturation and biological activities of cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18. This finding was substantiated by the identification of several mutations in the cias1 gene, encoding the human NLRP3 protein, responsible for several autoinflammatory disorders such as the Muckle Wells syndrome. Since, the interest for this complex has constantly increased and several inflammasome complexes with different specificities have been described. These inflammasomes sense a wide variety of pathogens and danger signals and are key players in the inflammatory response. With the contributions of leading international experts in the field, this book provides an extensive overview of the current knowledge of inflammasome biology and their role in health and disease.

Author : Petar Mamula
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 30,13 MB
Release : 2012-12-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1461450616

GET BOOK

Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Second Edition provides an essential reference with an emphasis on the unique pediatric issues of IBD. Chapters focus on complications of IBD specific to children and adolescents. Treatment recommendations are based on the latest clinical research available. The textbook also presents sections dedicated to the aspects of participation in clinical research unique to children and adolescents and the complicated yet vital process of successfully transitioning a patient from a pediatric to adult specialist. Controversies in pediatric IBD care such as the off-label use of medications are also covered. The format incorporates multiple tables, graphs, and figures to improve readability and make for an efficient reference for clinicians to use. Thoroughly revised and updated from the first edition, the volumes includes new therapies that are currently being used or tested for treatment of IBD, important areas regarding incidence and prevalence, immunization and response to vaccine administration as well as advancements in our understanding of growth and development with particular to the use of growth hormone therapy. Other new areas covered include important topics of complementary and alternative medicine use in IBD, immunization, and liver disease in IBD. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Second Edition is a valuable resource for pediatric gastroenterologists as well as adult gastroenterologists.

Author : Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Publisher : AIHW
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 35,10 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Cancer
ISBN : 1742493386

GET BOOK

This report presents the latest national survival and prevalence statistics for cancers in Australia from 1982 to 2010. Survival from cancer is a key indicator of cancer prognosis, control and treatment. It refers to the probability of being alive for a given amount of time after diagnosis and reflects the severity of a cancer diagnosis.

Author : Tamas Fulop
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1693 pages
File Size : 14,87 MB
Release : 2009-02-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1402090633

GET BOOK

This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Author : R. Lee Reinhardt
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 27,77 MB
Release : 2018-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493978953

GET BOOK

This book provides researchers the opportunity to investigate type-2-associated diseases in their laboratories. Beginning with chapters describing various models of type-2 immunity, the volume then continues by detailing cellular protocols designed to identify, characterize, and assess the function of key adaptive and innate immune cells involved in type-2 inflammation; approaches to isolate and evaluate specific cellular subsets at the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular level; protocols to assess type-2 immunity and its relationship to organismal and metabolic systems (ex. Microbiome). This book concludes with a section that explores the use of primary human cells in evaluating relevance to the clinic. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Vital and authoritative, Type 2 Immunity: Methods and Protocols aims to provide a broad network of methods that can be used to develop a hypothesis and investigate its potential from bench to beside.

Author : Rajeev Tyagi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 23,28 MB
Release : 2019-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1789851513

GET BOOK

Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation has been written to address the perceived needs of both medical school and undergraduate curricula and to take advantage of new understandings in immunology. We have tried to achieve several goals and present the most important principles governing the function of the immune system. Our fundamental objective has been to synthesize the key concepts from the vast amount of experimental data that have emerged in the rapidly advancing field of immunology. The choice of what is most important is based on what is most clearly established by experimentation, what our students find puzzling, and what explains the wonderful efficiency and economy of the immune system. Inevitably, however, such a choice will have an element of bias, and our bias is toward emphasizing the cellular interactions in immune response by limiting the description of many of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms to the essential facts. This book gives an insight into the role of cytokines in activating immune response during pathogenic invasion. Immunomodulation, aryl hydrocarbons, the role of the protein defensin and nucleated cells in provoking immune response, Bcl protein/gene-based apoptotic pathways, and plant-derived phytochemical-mediated immune response are all central themes of this book.