[PDF] The Psychological Adjustment Of Urban Adolescents Exposed To Community Violence eBook

Author : Nikola Balvin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 34,53 MB
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3030221768

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This open access book brings together discourse on children and peace from the 15th International Symposium on the Contributions of Psychology to Peace, covering issues pertinent to children and peace and approaches to making their world safer, fairer and more sustainable. The book is divided into nine sections that examine traditional themes (social construction and deconstruction of diversity, intergenerational transitions and memories of war, and multiculturalism), as well as contemporary issues such as Europe’s “migration crisis”, radicalization and violent extremism, and violence in families, schools and communities. Chapters contextualize each issue within specific social ecological frameworks in order to reflect on the multiplicity of influences that affect different outcomes and to discuss how the findings can be applied in different contexts. The volume also provides solutions and hope through its focus on youth empowerment and peacebuilding programs for children and families. This forward-thinking volume offers a multitude of views, approaches, and strategies for research and activism drawn from peace psychology scholars and United Nations researchers and practitioners. This book's multi-layered emphasis on context, structural determinants of peace and conflict, and use of research for action towards social cohesion for children and youth has not been brought together in other peace psychology literature to the same extent. Children and Peace: From Research to Action will be a useful resource for peace psychology academics and students, as well as social and developmental psychology academics and students, peace and development practitioners and activists, policy makers who need to make decisions about the matters covered in the book, child rights advocates and members of multilateral organizations such as the UN.

Author : Julian D. Ford
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 26,11 MB
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1000007898

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This book provides an overview of the core research and theory on polyvictimization – exposure to multiple types of victimization that may have negative and potentially lifelong biopsychosocial impacts. The contributors to the volume address such topics as measurement issues in how polyvictimization should be assessed and measured; developmental risks of early childhood polyvictimization for maltreated children in foster care; gender differences in polyvictimization and its consequences among juvenile justice-involved youth; the importance of trauma-focused treatment for polyvictimized youth in the juvenile justice system; and the nature of polyvictimization in the internet era. Suited to readers who are new to the topic including graduate and undergraduate students, as well as researchers and clinicians who want a concise update on the latest empirical research from the frontiers of this field, this book provides findings and methodological innovations of interest to researchers and human service professionals. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation.

Author : Kristy A. Ludwig
Publisher :
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 10,94 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Urban youth
ISBN :

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This study examined the relation of two putative school-based protective factors--student identification with school and perceived teacher support--to psychosocial outcomes in a sample of urban youth exposed to community violence. Participants were 175 high school students ages 14-19 in grades 9-12 from a large urban school district. Primary research questions were threefold: 1) What is the relationship between exposure to violence and psychosocial outcomes? 2) What is the relationship between identification with school and teacher support and psychosocial outcomes? 3) Does identification with school and/or teacher support moderate the relationship between overall exposure to violence and psychosocial outcomes? Results indicated that exposure to violence was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, identification with school and teacher support were related to higher hope and fewer psychological symptoms. Externalizing symptoms were more strongly related to exposure to violence for males and females than internalizing symptoms. Adolescents that reported higher identification with school and higher teacher support reported higher hope, regardless of the level of violence exposure. Results emphasize the importance of school factors, particularly feeling connected to and supported in school, in promoting hope and limiting psychological symptoms for youth exposed to community violence.

Author : Sonya Jane Mathies Dinizulu
Publisher :
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 10,91 MB
Release : 2009
Category : African American youth
ISBN :

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African American youth residing in high risk neighborhoods, characterized by violence, crime, and poverty have been shown to be at increased risk for exposure to violence and psychological symptoms, and there has been little investigation of mediating processes that might explain these association. Due to the poor current state of mental health of low income ethnic minority youth, it is important to investigate the role of nondisclosure as a risk factor affecting psychological outcomes in urban African American adolescents from high risk neighborhoods. Nondisclosure among urban African American adolescents from neighborhoods affected by violence is associated with adverse psychological outcomes and can serve as a barrier to adult intervention and protection. Strong relationships with parents and/or extended family and community member may promote disclosure and better psychological adjustment, and buffer the adverse effects of violence experience by adolescents. This study tested conceptual models in which adolescents' nondisclosure to adults mediates the relation between community exposure to violence (CETV) and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In addition, moderated mediation analysis were conducted in order to test the hypotheses that parent-child attachment and social support from extended kin and non-kin adults would attenuate the hypothesized relations among variables proposed in the mediation models. Structural equation modeling was used to conduct mediation and moderated mediation analysis. SEM analysis revealed that nondisclosure fully mediated the relation between CETV and internalizing symptoms, and partially mediated the relation between CETV and externalizing symptoms. However, calculation of decomposition of total effects, revealed that nondisclosure did not fully account for the relation between CETV and internalizing symptoms. Results of moderated mediation path analysis suggested that parent-child attachment and social support did not moderate the mediating role of nondisclosure between CETV and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. This research provides empirical support regarding the role of nondisclosure in urban African American adolescents. Particularly, this study revealed the disadvantages of adolescents' nondisclosure to adults, and provided insight about development and relationship factors influencing adolescent's nondisclosure to adults. The findings from this study have implications for intervention and prevention programs aimed to improve adolescent and adult communications and to minimize the effects of CETV.