[PDF] The Performance Effects And Determinants Of Corporate Governance Reform In Japan eBook

Author : Hideaki Miyajima
Publisher :
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 15,48 MB
Release : 2005
Category :
ISBN :

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The wave of governance reforms that swept the country in the late 1990s has begun to shake up the boardrooms of Japanese corporations. Japanese companies' attitudes toward reform range broadly from actively receptive to very cautious. While attention is often focused on the importance of reforms based on the U.S. corporate governance model, with three distinct reform measures -- the protection of minority shareholders' rights, the separation of management from monitoring (including the introduction of outside board members), and active information disclosure -- seen as a single package, companies have responded in practice in diverse ways. Some have adopted only one or two of these measures; others have adopted all three. This paper addresses the performance effects and determinants of board reform. We examine whether the recently adopted measures mattered to corporate performance or not, and try to show which are most likely to improve performance. Second, we analyze the factors that determine a firm's decision to choose a particular reform. Has governance reform been encouraged by increasing capital market pressures but impeded by employee sovereignty, as is often assumed? And more specifically, has governance reform been slowed by employee involvement and the human resources management practices of Japanese firms? In order to answer these questions, we compiled a Corporate Governance Score (CGS) for each corporation, which is designed to capture the cumulative efforts of recent corporate governance reforms, focusing on: a) protection of the rights of minority shareholders (general meetings of shareholders), b) the extent of separation between management and monitoring in corporate boards, and c) information disclosure. We then used the CGS to conduct our estimations.

Author : Ms.Chie Aoyagi
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 22,27 MB
Release : 2014-08-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1498373348

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Japan’s high corporate savings might be holding back growth. We focus on the causes and consequences of the current corporate behavior and suggest options for reform. In particular, Japan’s weak corporate governance—as measured by available indexes—might be contributing to high cash holdings. Our empirical analysis on a panel of Japanese firms confirms that improving corporate governance would help unlock corporate savings. The main policy implication of our analysis is that comprehensive corporate governance reform should be a key component of Japan’s growth strategy.

Author : D. Hugh Whittaker
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 29,48 MB
Release : 2009-10-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 019160982X

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Japanese corporate governance and managerial practice is at a critical juncture. At the start of the decade pressures mounted for Japan to move to a shareholder-value driven, 'Anglo-American' system of corporate governance. Subsequent changes, however, may be seen as an adjustment and renewal of the post-war model of the Japanese firm. In adapting to global corporate governance standards, Japanese managers have also been reshaping them according to their own agenda of reform and restructuring of decision-making processes. The board's role is seen in terms of strategic planning rather than monitoring, and external directors are viewed as advisers, not as representatives of the shareholders. Managers have adopted a variety of defences against hostile takeovers, including poison pills in some cases. Although shareholder influence is more extensive than it was, central aspects of the Japanese 'community firm' remain in place. The commitment to stable or 'lifetime' employment for a core of employees, although coming under severe pressure, is still an important point of reference for Japanese management. Corporate Governance and Managerial Reform in Japan is based on detailed and intensive field work in large Japanese companies and interviews with investors, civil servants, and policy makers in the period following the adoption of significant corporate law reforms in the early 2000s up to the months just before the global financial crisis of 2008. The Japanese experience suggests that there are limits to the global convergence of company law systems, and that the widespread association of Anglo-American practices with the 'modernization' of corporate governance has been misplaced. This conclusion is unlikely to be altered - it may be reinforced - by reactions to the financial crisis.

Author : Norio Kambayashi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 12,7 MB
Release : 2014-09-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 4431550968

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Following the burst of the “economic bubble” in the 1990s, many Japanese companies were required to reform their management systems. Changes in corporate governance were widely discussed during that decade in studies on “Japanese management.” These discussions have resulted in little progress, however, since Americanization became the dominant discourse concerning governance and the management system. There have been few studies conducted from an academic point of view on the internal aspects of organizations that practice traditional Japanese management theory. This book examines how, and the degree to which, the development of market principles accompanying the advances of globalization has affected the traditional Japanese system. It focuses on four aspects of corporate management: management institutions, strategy, organization, and human resource management. The aggregation of the new management system in Japanese companies is regarded as a distinctive Japanese-style system of management. With emphasis on these four aspects, research was conducted on the basic structure of that system, following changes in the market, technology, and society. Further, specific functions of the basic structure of the Japanese-style management system were studied. Those findings are included here, along with a discussion and analysis of the direction of future changes.

Author : Masahiko Aoki
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 45,19 MB
Release : 2007-09-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0199284512

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Debates regarding corporate governance have become increasingly important in Japan as the post-war model of bank-based, stakeholder-oriented corporate governance faces the new pressures associated with globalization and growing investor demands for shareholder value. Bringing together a group of leading scholars from economics, law, sociology and management studies, this book looks at how the Japanese approach to corporate governance and the firm have changed in the post-bubble era.The contributions offer a unique empirical exploration of why and how Japanese firms are reshaping their corporate governance arrangements, leading to greater diversity among firms and new 'hybrid' forms of corporate governance. The book concludes by looking at what effect these incremental buttransformative changes may have on Japan's distinctive variety of capitalism.

Author : Masaharu Hanazaki
Publisher : Springer
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 31,71 MB
Release : 2016-07-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 4431560068

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This book carefully examines the effects of changes in the corporate governance structure on corporate behavior or company performance, using micro-data from listed companies in Japan. The author found that in Japan the introduction of stock options had neither a positive impact on profitability nor the negative side effects of promoting risk-taking behaviors. Furthermore, he found that corporate diversification and division of corporations showed negative impacts on profitability. The corporate governance structure of Japan has exhibited a large change from the second half of the 1990s to the present. There have been institutional reforms involving enterprise law, such as the introduction of stock options and the removal of the ban on holding companies. With respect to the ownership structure of a company, discernible trends are that the equity holdings of financial institutions and business corporations have fallen while the presence of foreign stockholders has risen. These trends are often pointed out as signs that the Japanese corporate governance structure has been approaching the American model and that this will energize Japanese firms. The author contradicts common academic theories, however, and concludes that the formation of the corporate governance which emphasizes the agency problem between shareholders and corporate managers is inadequate. He suggests that an institutional arrangement for a corporate governance system that values a variety of stakeholders' interests is greatly needed and concludes that perspectives on maximizing surplus values for various stakeholders and distributing the surpluses appropriately among the stakeholders will become increasingly important for the purpose of managing corporations.

Author : Mitsuharu Miyamoto
Publisher : Springer
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 37,41 MB
Release : 2018-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9811088519

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This book examines corporate reform in Japan by focusing on corporate governance and the employment system. Contrary to a prevailing assertion of radical change, it is revealed that actual change is gradual, and a new type of Japanese firm is generated by reform with gradual change. Throughout the book, Japanese firms are seen to be evolving through gradual institutional change. Chapter 1 discusses how Japanese corporate governance changed incrementally and cumulatively to rebuild management and restore corporate performance. Chapter 2 focuses on reform in work organization and discusses how performance-related pay was introduced in tandem with corporate governance reform. It is shown that the practice of long-term employment has been maintained despite the prolonged depression and mounting pressure to shift to shareholder-oriented corporate governance. Chapter 3 investigates how Japanese firms are diversified into four types, based on whether performance-related pay is introduced and whether long-term employment is maintained. The author demonstrates that major Japanese firms reconstruct their organization as hybrid structures based on a combination of long-term employment and performance-related pay. Chapter 4 investigates how performance-related pay actually operates. It is analyzed by distinguishing the three main objectives to be attained by performance pay: succeeding in individual performance, contributing to overall organization performance, and meeting the challenge of new tasks. Finally, Chapter 5 investigates how employees react to changes in corporate governance. Using survey data, the book shows that Japanese employees approve of increasing shareholder value, regarding it as corporate value. They not only approve the monitoring of management by shareholders, but also demand a part in the monitoring. Employees seek to be engaged in corporate governance—a true challenge for a Japanese corporation.

Author : T. Inagami
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 14,76 MB
Release : 2005-01-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781139442930

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After sweeping all before it in the 1980s, 'Japanese management' ran into trouble in the 1990s, especially in the high-tech industries, prompting many to declare it had outlived its usefulness. From the late 1990s leading companies embarked on wide-ranging reforms designed to restore their entrepreneurial vigour. For some, this spelled the end of Japanese management; for others, little had changed. From the perspective of the community firm, Inagami and Whittaker examine changes to employment practices, corporate governance and management priorities, in this 2005 book, drawing on a rich combination of survey data and an in-depth study of Hitachi, Japan's leading general electric company and enterprise group. They find change and continuity, the emergence of a 'reformed model', but not the demise of the community firm. The model addresses both economic vitality and social fairness, within limits. This book offers unique insights into changes in Japanese management, corporations and society.

Author : Takeo Hoshi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 573 pages
File Size : 42,86 MB
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1108843956

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Explores the politics and economics of the Abe government and evaluates major policies, such as Abenomics policy reforms.

Author : Hideaki Miyajima
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,59 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN :

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Corporate governance reform has been one of the central issues in the "third arrow" of the Abe administration's economic revival program. The Japanese Stewardship Code was introduced in 2014, followed by the Corporate Governance Code in 2015. This study quantifies how the reform changed the corporate governance of Japanese firms. First, we examine the changes in institutional ownership, cross-holdings and board structure following the reforms. Then, we study whether changes in ownership structure and board structure affect firm behavior and performance. We find that the introduction of the Stewardship Code is associated with more institutional ownership especially in mid-sized firms. Firms with few outside directors increased the number of outside directors to follow the Corporate Governance Code. However, the increase in institutional ownership and outside directors did not promote risk taking behavior or improve firm performance.