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Spoken words process knowledge differently from writing. What happens when speech turns into text? In reappraising literary scholars' propensity to trace Jesus' sayings back to the assumed original version, the author argues that in the oral medium each rendition of a saying is the original. Orality works with multiple originals, rather than with single originality. In what may be the most extraordinary thesis of the book, Kelber argues that the written gospel is related less by evolutionary progression than by contradiction to what preceded it.
"A tightly argued and comprehensive treatment of an important area of New Testament studies." -- The Christian Century "By distinguishing oral from written modes of transmission, Kelber skillfully unlocks new doors for biblical interpretation." -- Theology Today What happens when speech turns into text? Spoken words, operating from mouth to ear, process knowledge differently from writing which links the eye to the visible, but silent letters on the page. Based on this premise, Werner Kelber discusses orality and writing, and the interaction between the two, at strategic points in the early Christian traditions. In digressing from conventional literary criticism, the book offers new, and often startling insights into the origins of Christianity.
The Oral And The Written Gospel touches on sensibilities normally left untouched by literary criticism. What happens when speech turns into text? Spoken words, operating from mouth to ear, process knowledge differently from writing which links the eye To The visible, but silent letters on the page. Based on this premise, Kelber discusses orality and writing, And The interaction between the two, at strategic points in the early Christian traditions. In digressing from conventional literary criticism, The book offers new, and often startling insights into the origins of Christianity. In reappraising scholars' literary propensity to trace trajectories of Jesus sayings back To The assumed original saying, The author argues that in the oral medium each rendition of a saying is the original. Orality works with a plurality of originals, rather than with single originality. Spoken language, moreover, consists in discrete speech acts which are separated by intervals of non-speaking. The behavior of speech, In other words, does not live up To The spatial model of linearity. Kelber suggests a paradigm of oral transmission which is multidirectional more than strictly evolutionary. Exploring Paul from the perspective of orality and writing, The author argues that the apostle's fundamental disposition is toward an oral hermeneutic. A distinct partiality toward the spoken word pervades his treatment of faith, obedience, gospel, and justification. Language also, Kelber proposes, lies at the root of Paul's aversion To The Law. In breaking with an established exegetical convention which saw Paul denouncing the legal identity of the Law, The author finds Paul's objection directed To The written or grammatological authority of the Law. In what may be the most extraordinary thesis of the book, Kelber argues that the written gospel is related more by contradiction than by evolutionary progression to what preceded it. Rather than viewing Mark's gospel as the natural end product of antecedent traditions, he explains it as harsh repudiation of the earliest carriers of Jesus' message.
The traditions about Jesus and his teaching circulated in oral form for many years, continuing to do so for decades following the writing of the New Testament Gospels. James Dunn is one of the major voices urging that more consideration needs to be given to the oral use and transmission of the Jesus tradition as a major factor in giving the Synoptic tradition its enduring character.
This book comprehensively surveys the origin, production and reception of the canonical gospels in the early church. The discussion unfolds in three steps. Part One traces the origin of the 'gospel' of Jesus, its significance in Jewish and Hellenistic contexts of the first century, and its development from eyewitness memory to oral tradition and written text. Part Two then more specifically examines the composition, design and intentions of each of the four canonical gospels. Widening the focus, Part Three first asks about gospel-writing as viewed from the perspective of ancient Jews and pagans before turning to the question of reception history in the proliferation of 'apocryphal' gospels, in the formation of the canon, and in the beginnings of a gospel commentary tradition.
In this groundbreaking book, Dennis R. MacDonald offers an entirely new view of the New Testament gospel of Mark. The author of the earliest gospel was not writing history, nor was he merely recording tradition, MacDonald argues. Close reading and careful analysis show that Mark borrowed extensively from the Odyssey and the Iliad and that he wanted his readers to recognise the Homeric antecedents in Mark's story of Jesus. Mark was composing a prose anti-epic, MacDonald says, presenting Jesus as a suffering hero modeled after but far superior to traditional Greek heroes. Much like Odysseus, Mark's Jesus sails the seas with uncomprehending companions, encounters preternatural opponents, and suffers many things before confronting rivals who have made his house a den of thieves. In his death and burial, Jesus emulates Hector, although unlike Hector Jesus leaves his tomb empty. Mark's minor characters, too, recall Homeric predecessors: Bartimaeus emulates Tiresias; Joseph of Arimathea, Priam; and the women at the tomb, Helen, Hecuba, and Andromache. And, entire episodes in Mark mirror Homeric episodes, including stilling the sea, walking on water, feeding the multitudes, the Triumphal E
Kelber himself is interviewed at the beginning of the book and, in a closing essay, he reflects on the significance of the project and charts a course for the future.
New Testament scholars often talk about oral tradition as a means by which material about Jesus reached the Gospels writers. Despite the recent interest in oral tradition, scholarly advances have not penetrated the mainstream of academic Gospels scholarship, let alone the wider public. Behind the Gospels fills this gap, offering a general theoretical discussion of oral tradition and the formation of ancient texts and providing a critical survey of the field.