[PDF] The Effects Of Violence Exposure On Inner City Youth And Moderating Factors Associated With Coping Practices eBook

Author : Anna L. Parnes
Publisher :
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 27,50 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Adjustment (Psychology) in adolescence
ISBN :

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Limited research has examined the influence of coping on psychological and behavioral outcomes among urban low-income adolescents, particularly those exposed to violence. This study examined coping strategies, including active, distraction, support-seeking and avoidant coping, as moderators and partial mediators of the relations between exposure to violence and internalizing symptoms (anxiety/depression) and externalizing behaviors (prosocial behavior and aggression). These relations were examined based on data that were collected at the beginning and end of the school year as part of an evaluation of a school-based violence prevention program. Participants were 313 urban, low-income, African American fifth through eight grade students. Exposure to violence was negatively associated with active coping. Active coping was negatively associated with aggression, and avoidant coping was positively associated with anxiety/depression. Prosocial behavior was not associated with coping. The coping strategies did not moderate the relations between exposure to violence and longitudinal outcomes, taking into account initial outcomes; however, there were some significant cross-sectional moderational findings. Specifically, distracting action coping moderated the relation between exposure to violence and anxiety/depression and had a protective-reactive effect on this relation. Direct problem solving coping moderated the relation between exposure to violence and aggression, such that direct problem solving had a protective effect as exposure to violence increased. Structural equation modeling revealed that exposure to violence was positively associated with anxiety/depression, which predicted the use of cognitive coping strategies (cognitive avoidance and seeking understanding), and seeking understanding perpetuated anxiety/depression. In another model, exposure to violence predicted aggression, and avoidant action coping was negatively associated with exposure to violence and aggression. Overall, it appears that avoidant action and direct problem solving coping represent protective factors against aggression for adolescents exposed to violence, whereas seeking understanding and distraction action coping represent risk factors for anxiety/depression. It is likely that the complexity of coping processes may explain why longitudinal analyses that examined coping as a moderator were not significant. Nonetheless, results have implications for prevention/intervention, targeting coping skill development and violence prevention. Further longitudinal study of relations between exposure to violence, coping and outcomes among urban, low-income adolescents is needed.

Author : Alexandra Lauren Barnett
Publisher :
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 22,67 MB
Release : 2013
Category : Adjustment (Psychology) in adolescence
ISBN :

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The current study addresses a paradox in the literature wherein the coping strategies seeming to be most effective for predominantly Caucasian, middle-class, adult samples, sometimes have the opposite effect on low income urban youth. In doing so, exposure to violence is investigated as a moderator of the association between active, behavioral avoidance and cognitive avoidance and internalizing and externalizing outcomes over the short and long term for low income urban youth. Luthar and colleague's (2000) protective-reactive, protective-enhancing, and vulnerable-reactive models are theoretical bases for this hypothesis. The findings are that the association between behavioral avoidance and internalizing symptoms was protective, at low levels of violence and detrimental, at high levels over the short term. It argues methodological issues currently need to be addressed to further inform how to most effectively equip low income urban youth with effective copings strategies that will help them with specific stressors in the context of urban poverty.

Author : Dante Cicchetti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1152 pages
File Size : 38,63 MB
Release : 2016-02-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1118120930

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Examine the latest research merging nature and nurture in pathological development Developmental Psychopathology is a four-volume compendium of the most complete and current research on every aspect of the field. Volume Four: Genes and Environment focuses on the interplay between nature and nurture throughout the life stages, and the ways in which a child's environment can influence his or her physical and mental health as an adult. The discussion explores relationships with family, friends, and the community; environmental factors like poverty, violence, and social support; the development of coping mechanisms, and more, including the impact of these factors on physical brain development. This new third edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest advances, and to better reflect the increasingly multilevel and interdisciplinary nature of the field and the growing importance of translational research. The relevance of classification in a developmental context is also addressed, including DSM-5 criteria and definitions. Advances in developmental psychopathology are occurring increasingly quickly as expanding theoretical and empirical work brings about dramatic gains in the multiple domains of child and adult development. This book brings you up to date on the latest developments surrounding genetics and environmental influence, including their intersection in experience-dependent brain development. Understand the impact of childhood adversity on adulthood health Gauge the effects of violence, poverty, interparental conflict, and more Learn how peer, family, and community relationships drive development Examine developments in prevention science and future research priorities Developmental psychopathology is necessarily interdisciplinary, as development arises from a dynamic interplay between psychological, genetic, social, cognitive, emotional, and cultural factors. Developmental Psychopathology Volume Four: Genes and Environment brings this diverse research together to give you a cohesive picture of the state of knowledge in the field.

Author : Rhonda Wells-Wilbon
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 44,93 MB
Release : 2015-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0826130747

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The experiences of African Americans in urban communities are distinct from those of other ethnic groups, and to be truly understood require an in-depth appreciation of the interface between micro- and macro-level factors. This sweeping text, an outgrowth of a groundbreaking urban social work curriculum, focuses exclusively on the African American experience through field education, community engagement, and practice. It presents a framework for urban social work practice that encompasses a deep understanding of the challenges faced by this community. From a perspective based on empowerment, strengths, resilience, cultural competence, and multiculturalism, the book delivers proven strategies for social work practice with the urban African American population. It facilitates the development of creative thinking skills and the ability to "meet people where they are" skills that are often necessary for true transformation to take root. The book describes an overarching framework for understanding and practicing urban social work, including definitions and theories that have critical implications for working with people in such communities. It encompasses the contributions of African American pioneers regarding a response to such challenges as poverty, oppression, and racism. Focusing on the theory, practice, and policy aspects of urban social work, the book examines specific subsets of the urban African American population including children, adults, families, and older adults. It addresses the challenges of urban social work in relation to public health, health, and mental health; substance abuse; criminal justice; and violence prevention. Additionally, the book discusses how to navigate the urban built environment and the intersection between African Americans and other diverse groups. Chapters include outcome measures of effectiveness, case studies, review questions, suggested activities, and supplemental readings. KEY FEATURES: Fills a void in the literature on urban social work practice with African Americans Presents the outgrowth of a renowned urban curriculum, field education, research, community engagement, and practice Fulfills the requirements of the CSWE in the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards regarding diversity Synthesizes micro, mezzo, and macro content in each chapter Provides contributions from African American pioneers in urban social work practice Accompanying Instructor's Manual and PowerPoint Slides

Author : Daniel J. Flannery
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 34,70 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780880488099

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This is a resource for dealing with both perpetrators and victims of violence and understanding the risk factors facing youth. Presenting an assessment of effects of exposure to violence and the continuity of aggression from early childhood to adulthood, it outlines an integration strategy for public policy towards prevention and treatment.

Author : Jazmin Reyes
Publisher :
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 36,37 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Children and violence
ISBN :

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The identification of protective factors that might modify the negative effects of community violence (CV) is key for prevention efforts and the promotion of resilience among at-risk children and adolescents. The present study examined the relation between direct exposure to CV and children's social skills, externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, and academic competence in a sample of 125 African-American and Latino fifth-grade children across a nine month period. Of particular interest was the potential moderating or protective effect of positive school experiences and perceived peer acceptance in these relations. Results revealed that most children were victims of CV, with victimization status remaining relatively stable across the two time points. CV exposure was significantly associated with increased internalizing problems and decreased academic competence initially and with decreased social skills and increased externalizing problems across time. With the exception of social skills, these effects were the same for boys and girls and African-American and Latino children. Overall, analyses found no buffers of the effects of CV exposure on social skills, internalizing problems, and academic competence, but provided some evidence that being helped by other students and having a high total number of positive school experiences may help protect children from the adverse effect of CV on externalizing problems. Implications of the impact of CV exposure, as well as the moderating effects found are discussed.

Author : Nikola Balvin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 19,83 MB
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3030221768

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This open access book brings together discourse on children and peace from the 15th International Symposium on the Contributions of Psychology to Peace, covering issues pertinent to children and peace and approaches to making their world safer, fairer and more sustainable. The book is divided into nine sections that examine traditional themes (social construction and deconstruction of diversity, intergenerational transitions and memories of war, and multiculturalism), as well as contemporary issues such as Europe’s “migration crisis”, radicalization and violent extremism, and violence in families, schools and communities. Chapters contextualize each issue within specific social ecological frameworks in order to reflect on the multiplicity of influences that affect different outcomes and to discuss how the findings can be applied in different contexts. The volume also provides solutions and hope through its focus on youth empowerment and peacebuilding programs for children and families. This forward-thinking volume offers a multitude of views, approaches, and strategies for research and activism drawn from peace psychology scholars and United Nations researchers and practitioners. This book's multi-layered emphasis on context, structural determinants of peace and conflict, and use of research for action towards social cohesion for children and youth has not been brought together in other peace psychology literature to the same extent. Children and Peace: From Research to Action will be a useful resource for peace psychology academics and students, as well as social and developmental psychology academics and students, peace and development practitioners and activists, policy makers who need to make decisions about the matters covered in the book, child rights advocates and members of multilateral organizations such as the UN.

Author : Nina Rovinelli Heller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 10,79 MB
Release : 2010-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1136892753

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Mental Health and Social Problems is a textbook for social work students and practitioners. It explores the complicated relationship between mental conditions and societal issues as well as examining risk and protective factors for the prevalence, course, adaptation to and recovery from mental illness. The introductory chapter presents bio-psycho-social and life-modeled approaches to helping individuals and families with mental illness. The book is divided into two parts. Part I addresses specific social problems, such as poverty, oppression, racism, war, violence, and homelessness, identifying the factors which contribute to vulnerabilities and risks for the development of mental health problems, including the barriers to accessing quality services. Part II presents the most current empirical findings and practice knowledge about prevalence, diagnosis, assessment, and intervention options for a range of common mental health problems – including personality conditions, eating conditions and affective conditions. Focusing throughout upon mental health issues for children, adolescents, adults and older adults, each chapter includes case studies and web resources. This practical book is ideal for social work students who specialize in mental health.