[PDF] The Economic Laws Of Scientific Research eBook

Author : Terence Kealey
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 17,41 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780312128470

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During the 1980s Terence Kealey was universally derided for his claims that British and American science were expanding fast. Everyone else thought that they were in decline. He has been vindicated, but he had an unfair advantage; he knew the economic laws of scientific research and his critics did not. This book now makes them available to all. If state-funded research promotes economic, cultural or even scientific growth, why do Japan and Switzerland flourish in its near-absence while Russia and India have stagnated in a sea of government largesse? Why has Britain's relative economic decline, and that of America, coincided with their government's funding of research? Assessing the evidence from international comparisons and historical research, Terence Kealey shows how the free market approach has proved by far the most successful in promoting science, innovation, wealth and happiness.

Author : Terence Kealey
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 15,58 MB
Release : 1996-05-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780312173067

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'Dr Kealey's brave, entertaining and learned book makes a powerful case for his unpopular views. It must give pause to any open-minded student of science policy.' - R.C.O. Matthews 'Not since J.D. Bernal has a practising British scientist challenged conventional arguments about the funding of science so originally, and so powerfully.' - David Edgerton, Imperial College Does government funding of science promote economic and cultural growth? This burning question has come to dominate political and academic thought. The evidence seems mixed: Japan flourishes economically neglecting science while the USSR and India who actively promoted government-funded science have declined. The purpose of this book is to assess the myth that government-funded science works economically. Supported by historical argument and international contemporary comparison, Terence Kealey argues that the free market approach rather that of state funding has proved by far the most successful in stimulating science and innovation.

Author : Łukasz Hardt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 45,19 MB
Release : 2017-09-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3319548611

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This book offers a vision of economics in which there is no place for universal laws of nature, and even for laws of a more probabilistic character. The author avoids interpreting the practice of economics as something that leads to the formulation of universal laws or laws of nature. Instead, chapters in the book follow the method of contemporary philosophy of science: rather than formulating suggestions for practicing scientists of how they should do research, the text describes and interprets the very practice of scientific research. This approach demonstrates how economists can explain economic phenomena not by subsuming them under general laws, but rather by building models of these phenomena, by referring to causes, or even by investigating what is in the nature of given factors, events, or circumstances to produce.

Author : Hakob Barseghyan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 37,55 MB
Release : 2015-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319175963

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This book systematically creates a general descriptive theory of scientific change that explains the mechanics of changes in both scientific theories and the methods of their assessment. It was once believed that, while scientific theories change through time, their change itself is governed by a fixed method of science. Nowadays we know that there is no such thing as an unchangeable method of science; the criteria employed by scientists in theory evaluation also change through time. But if that is so, how and why do theories and methods change? Are there any general laws that govern this process, or is the choice of theories and methods completely arbitrary and random? Contrary to the widespread opinion, the book argues that scientific change is indeed a law-governed process and that there can be a general descriptive theory of scientific change. It does so by first presenting meta-theoretical issues, divided into chapters on the scope, possibility and assessment of theory of scientific change. It then builds a theory about the general laws that govern the process of scientific change, and goes into detail about the axioms and theorems of the theory.

Author : Terence Kealey
Publisher : Arrow
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 22,48 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :

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A clever, thought-provoking look at the biological roots of economics -- Kealey’s insightful work illuminates in the tradition of Richard Dawkins, Steven Pinker and Jared Diamond. In this highly original work, the author makes a groundbreaking and exciting connection between the evolutionary and economic history of humanity. He explains how the roots of barter, trade and the contract are embedded in human nature, and how markets work on the evolutionary patterns of natural selection. Splendidly multi-faceted, the book travels across human history from Neolithic times, through Ancient Egypt and the Renaissance European explorers, to the failure of the Soviet economy in recent years. Through this journey Kealey skillfully demonstrates how an understanding of biology and natural selection radically transforms our view of economics, business, technology and the economic history of the human species. This exceptional study will appeal to anyone who enjoys popular science, history or serious business books.Sex, Science and Profitsis witty, magnificent, thought- provoking and provocative. It promises to be an important and highly controversial book. From the Hardcover edition.

Author : Keith Norris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 34,29 MB
Release : 2018-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1351163787

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Originally published in 1973 this book applies economic analysis to scientific research and to industrial reserch and development and analyses the interactions between these activities and economic activities in general. The book begins by looking at the relationships between science and technology and then: Analyses research and development in manufacturing industry Explains the different levels of expenditure in research and development in different industries and the role of such expenditure in the growth of firms Looks at the distribution of science and technology expenditure Discusses the international transfer of technology The book draws on evidence from several fields of study and imposes a theme upon the variety of evidence.

Author : Paula Stephan
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 24,14 MB
Release : 2015-09-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0674267559

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The beauty of science may be pure and eternal, but the practice of science costs money. And scientists, being human, respond to incentives and costs, in money and glory. Choosing a research topic, deciding what papers to write and where to publish them, sticking with a familiar area or going into something new—the payoff may be tenure or a job at a highly ranked university or a prestigious award or a bump in salary. The risk may be not getting any of that. At a time when science is seen as an engine of economic growth, Paula Stephan brings a keen understanding of the ongoing cost-benefit calculations made by individuals and institutions as they compete for resources and reputation. She shows how universities offload risks by increasing the percentage of non-tenure-track faculty, requiring tenured faculty to pay salaries from outside grants, and staffing labs with foreign workers on temporary visas. With funding tight, investigators pursue safe projects rather than less fundable ones with uncertain but potentially path-breaking outcomes. Career prospects in science are increasingly dismal for the young because of ever-lengthening apprenticeships, scarcity of permanent academic positions, and the difficulty of getting funded. Vivid, thorough, and bold, How Economics Shapes Science highlights the growing gap between the haves and have-nots—especially the vast imbalance between the biomedical sciences and physics/engineering—and offers a persuasive vision of a more productive, more creative research system that would lead and benefit the world.

Author : Philip Mirowski
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 14,23 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780822333227

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A compilation of essays by the author that reveals the value for science studies of examples arising within the history of economics.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 24,33 MB
Release : 2003-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309167086

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This symposium brought together leading experts and managers from the public and private sectors who are involved in the creation, dissemination, and use of scientific and technical data and information (STI) to: (1) describe and discuss the role and the benefits and costsâ€"both economic and otherâ€"of the public domain in STI in the research and education context, (2) to identify and analyze the legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in STI in research and education, (3) describe and discuss existing and proposed approaches to preserving the public domain in STI in the United States, and (4) identify issues that may require further analysis.