[PDF] The Direct Fluorination Of Polyethylene eBook
The Direct Fluorination Of Polyethylene Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of The Direct Fluorination Of Polyethylene book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
A convenient method has been found for the conversion of a polyethylene surface to a corresponding fluoro analog. The process involves the direct, uncatalyzed reaction of gaseous fluorine with the polymer surface. The resultant surface displays many properties attributable to completely fluorinated polymers such as Teflon. These properties include solvent resistance, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. (Author).
"In this book fundamental features and industrial applications of the direct fluorination of polymers are reviewed. Direct fluorination of polymers (i.e. treatment of a polymer surface with gaseous fluorine and its mixtures) proceeds at room temperature spontaneously and can be considered as a surface modification process."--BOOK JACKET.
Fluorine continues to intrigue chemists who overcome the challenge of handling this remarkable halogen and work to develop varied methods for synthesising fluorine compounds. The unique properties of these materials, ranging from inert perfluorocarbons and fluoropolymers to a multitude of other fascinating fluorinated compounds, firmly established their place amidst the technological achievements of the 20th Century. Fluorine substitution in biologically active compounds has become particularly significant in recent years. This book presents new and significant research in this field.
Functionalized Inorganic Fluorides: Synthesis, Characterization & Properties of Nanostructured Solids covers several classes of nanostructured and functionalized inorganic fluorides, oxide-fluorides, and fluorinated oxides such as silica and alumina. Ranging from powders or glass-ceramics to thin layers and coatings, they have applications as more efficient and less aggressive catalysts, UV absorbers, planar optical waveguides, integrated lasers and optical amplifiers, luminescent materials, anti-reflective coatings and high Tc superconductors. With a focus on new types of solids, such as nanopowders, hybrids, mesoporous fluorides, and intercalation compounds, the book covers new synthesis routes; physical-chemical characterizations - including morphology, structure, spectroscopic and optical behaviour; detailed ab initio investigations and simulations; and -last but not least- potential applications.
Fluorine: A Paradoxical Element, Volume Five, deals with the link between fluorine, humanity and the environment. It is divided into three main sections, including i) The history and developmental stages of fluorinated products, ii) Awareness of its importance in our environment, and iii) Recent contributions of fluoride products in medicine, pharmacy and our daily lives. Made engaging through interesting figures and accessible language, and written by a leading expert, Professor Tressaud, the book supports the work of scientists working in materials, toxicology and environmental science. It complements the author’s edited series, Progress in Fluorine Science, covering recent advances. Describes background and contextual information regarding the history, development of understanding, and applications of this important element Explores the impacts of fluorine, both positive and negative, in the environment and biological systems Includes applied, real-world information from agencies, such as CNRS, NASA, HWS and DOH
This handbook provides an exhaustive description of polyethylene. The 50+ chapters are written by some of the most experienced and prominent authors in the field, providing a truly unique view of polyethylene. The book starts with a historical discussion on how low density polyethylene was discovered and how it provided unique opportunities in the early days. New catalysts are presented and show how they created an expansion in available products including linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, copolymers, and polyethylene produced from metallocene catalysts. With these different catalysts systems a wide range of structures are possible with an equally wide range of physical properties. Numerous types of additives are presented that include additives for the protection of the resin from the environment and processing, fillers, processing aids, anti-fogging agents, pigments, and flame retardants. Common processing methods including extrusion, blown film, cast film, injection molding, and thermoforming are presented along with some of the more specialized processing techniques such as rotational molding, fiber processing, pipe extrusion, reactive extrusion, wire and cable, and foaming processes. The business of polyethylene including markets, world capacity, and future prospects are detailed. This handbook provides the most current and complete technology assessments and business practices for polyethylene resins.
This comprehensive series of volumes on inorganic chemistry provides inorganic chemists with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Every volume reports recent progress with a significant, up-to-date selection of papers by internationally recognized researchers, complemented by detailed discussions and complete documentation. Each volume features a complete subject index and the series includes a cumulative index as well.
The synthesis of perfluoro organic compounds by direct fluorination has been studied. The compounds studied included: ortho-toluic acid, meta-toluic acid, para-toluic acid, sodium acetate, diglycolic acid, diphenyl ether, 2- ethoxyethylacetate, 3-oxoglutaric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, methoxyasetic acid, methoxyphenoxyacetic acid, diethyl carbonate, malonic acid, adipic acid. These materials have been fluorinated at low concentrations of fluorine and at a variety of temperatures varying from room temperature to -78C. Invariably with extremely low fluorine con-centrations, the resulting products contained very little fluorinated material as evidenced by their infrared spectra. Under longer reaction times and/or higher fluorine concentrations, the materials tended to be degraded into low molecular weight volatiles. Polyethylene has been surface fluorinated and the kinetics of the process have been studied from 25 to 50 C. The rate of constants for each temperature and the activation energy of the process are reported. Natural rubber samples were surface treated with fluorine and appear to survive acceptably with a subsequent lowering of surface energy. Matrix isolation studies of organic molecules in fluorine matrices are also reported. The species studied were methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, and formic acid. It was found that fluorine molecules at 4-15 K behaved essentially like an inert substrate, but fluorine atoms, prepared in situ by photolysis, are very reactive and lead to various fluorinated derivatives.