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The most violent aspects of the Revolution, the most costly in life, were the result of the conflict between Revolution and Counter-Revolution. A large part of the French people felt betrayed by a Revolution which did nothing for them and which represented an attack on their way of life. The rebellions which this provoked, and their savage repression, marked the political map of France for over a century. At the same time the doctrines of Counter-Revolution, which offered a positive alternative to the Revolution, were being developed in exile by royal and aristocratic migrs. This book brings together the latest work on a subject which is central to an understanding not just of the French Revolution but of much French political controversy over the past two centuries.
1989 was one of the great Years of Revolution in history, and it was also the anniversary of many famous revolutions. As the world commemorated the two hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution, startling changes were occuring in an Eastern Europe whose political map had been drawn in the aftermath of the Second World War, the revolutionary consequences of which could hardly be imagined at its outbreak fifty years before in 1939. Although few of us can have expected to see the revolutionary changes of 1989 in our lifetime, it remains to be seen whether history will judge all of the upheavals in Eastern Europe as 'revolutions', or whether some will be categorized in later centuries as 'revolts', 'coups', 'failed revolutions', or indeed 'counter-revolutions'. The distinguished contributors to this volume, published in the Wolfson College Lectures series, enjoy the advantage of historical perespective regarding past revolutions and counter-revolutions. Their papers present a wide-ranging analysis both of the concepts of revolution and counter-revolution, and of particular upheavals of vastly different character.
French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789--hence the conventional term "Revolution of 1789," denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Inside you will read about... ✓ An Environment of Revolution ✓ Rise of the Third Estate ✓ The Rights of Man ✓ Vive la Revolution! ✓ Reign of Terror ✓ The Last Revolutionaries And more!
The flow and counter flow of revolution and counterrevolution have become the norm of the twentieth century. In this fascinating and well-rounded volume, the author illuminates the revolutionary process as it has developed from antiquity to the present day, from the vantage points of political science, history, and sociology. Meisel's work is presented in the form of twelve absorbing episodes in the history of Western civilization. His remarkable for the detail with which he approaches a subject often difficult to define and even more difficult to explain. He suggests a new and highly useful perspective of history by viewing it as a process of revolution and counterrevolution and their transitional stages. As it is the nature of revolutions to fall short of their objectives and to enjoy only a brief heyday that becomes the stereotype accepted by posterity, the author emphasizes their antithetical closing phases--whose lessons posterity tends to forget. Meisel's belief is that second-echelon figures teach us more about the natural process of revolution than the atypical "men of destiny," and he illustrates his account with many portrayals of comparative unknowns who lived through all the stages of revolution and counterrevolution. But revolutions can also be aborted or be preceded by counterrevolutions, as Meisel demonstrates by enlightening analyses of Mussolini's coup d'utat, the origins of the Spanish Civil War, and General de Gaulle's defeat of a potential army insurrection in behalf of French Algeria. In this profound and wide-ranging work, Meisel achieves an admirable balance between theory, action, and biography. The result is a unique survey of revolutionary history, in which a sophisticated thinker provides on almost every page a deepening understanding of the problems of revolution for the scholar and student of political processes, political theory, and comparative politics. The reader with a lively interest in the modus operandi of history will also find this book compelling reading.