[PDF] The Biomechanics Energetics And Hydrodynamics Of Ostraciiform Locomotion eBook

Author : Luca Paolo Ardigo
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 27,78 MB
Release : 2021-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3036504141

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Movement and locomotion have always been key activities for all animals, being related to the most crucial life functions: retrieving food, facing environmental issues and mating. Humans developed complex upper arms movements and bipedal gaits in order to move and locomote. To enhance their performance, they started inventing smart passive mechanical tools. This need arose from intrinsic limitations of their muscle–joint–bone systems and metabolic power availability. Newly invented devices were mainly introduced in order to cope with such constraints. The aim of this Special Issue is to advance knowledge regarding symmetry, biomechanics and energetics of passively assisted human movement and locomotion.

Author : Giovanni Bianchi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 42,51 MB
Release : 2023-05-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3031305485

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This book presents a novel method for the numerical simulation of swimming animals. It includes a review of the hydrodynamics of swimming, a description of the CFD model adopted, and a description of the results obtained by applying this model to the cownose ray. This method is developed for the open-source software OpenFOAM and relies on an overset mesh. A custom library is added to the solver to include the equations of the kinematics of the animal under investigation, combining the deformation of the fish fins with the computed displacement and rotation of the animal's body. The presented method helps investigate the dynamics of any animal moving in a fluid, provided that its kinematics is known, and in this work, it is applied to investigate the hydrodynamics of a cownose ray. This book is intended for researchers and engineers who aim to deeply understand the hydrodynamics of fish swimming and to design bioinspired autonomous underwater vehicles or novel propulsion systems.

Author : Luca Paolo Ardigo
Publisher :
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 21,70 MB
Release : 2021
Category :
ISBN : 9783036504155

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Movement and locomotion have always been key activities for all animals, being related to the most crucial life functions: retrieving food, facing environmental issues and mating. Humans developed complex upper arms movements and bipedal gaits in order to move and locomote. To enhance their performance, they started inventing smart passive mechanical tools. This need arose from intrinsic limitations of their muscle-joint-bone systems and metabolic power availability. Newly invented devices were mainly introduced in order to cope with such constraints. The aim of this Special Issue is to advance knowledge regarding symmetry, biomechanics and energetics of passively assisted human movement and locomotion.

Author : Theodore Y. Wu
Publisher :
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 22,72 MB
Release : 1979
Category :
ISBN :

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An interdisciplinary study is continued to investigate the energetics and hydrodynamics of fish swimming involving transfer of biochemical energy through the rate of muscular working to the final stage of delivering the hydrodynamical power. Comparison between the drag coefficient and the power coefficient available for swimming, converted from data on metabolic rate with estimated muscle efficiency and hydromechanical efficiency, indicates their dependence on the Reynolds number according to a well defined similarity law. The range of their magnitude appears to provide a satisfactory resolution of Gray's paradox. (Author).

Author : Akira Azuma
Publisher : AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics)
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 46,29 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN :

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"Every creature has body shape and uses mode of locomotion that is most economical for the way of life it has developed through natural selection in response to severe environmental conditions." --Akira Azuma Through study of locomotion of living creatures, Akira Azuma has come to the conclusion that every creature is made and moves in a manner that is best suited to their environmental conditions. Thus, one purpose of this book is to shed light on the physical relationships among habitat, form, way of life, and mode of movement in living creatures. The text also reviews results of theoretical and empirical research carried out by various scientists over the years. Each of the two main parts of the book, Flying Dynamics and Swimming Dynamics, is written from the viewpoint of mechanics, specifically fluid dynamics, rather than from the viewpoint of physiology and ecology. Thus the chapters and sections are organized according to mechanical, not biological principles. The book will be useful not only to engineers working and studying fluid and flight dynamics, but also for biologists using mechanical analyses to gain a better understanding of the behavior of animals and the mechanical functions of the body parts in relation to their forms and modes of locomotion.

Author : Frank E. Nelson
Publisher :
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 24,96 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Bioenergetics
ISBN :

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Previous attempts to understand the factors affecting the energetic cost of locomotion have found a direct link between the energetic cost and the mechanical work done during periods when the limb is in contact with the ground. However, when the limb is not in contact with the ground during the swing phase, this link between mechanical work and energetic cost disappears. I examined the mechanics of swing to explore the possibility of passive mechanisms allowing for the performance of mechanical work with little to no energetic cost during swing. Previous studies have ruled out the possibility of a pendulum exchange of gravitational potential and kinetic energy during human locomotion because the swing frequencies are too high. I added the accelerations of the body during stance to the swinging lower limb to determine if the frequency where the pendulum-like exchange of energy occurs could be increased. These accelerations increased the frequency where energy exchange occurs and thereby reduced the work required to swing the human lower limb. The pendulum-like exchange of energy reduces the work required for swing, but some work is still required. To explore how the remaining work for swing was produced I examined two muscles potentially involved in producing an extension moment about the intertarsal joint of turkeys during swing. The only muscle providing force for intertarsal joint extension during swing was the lateral head of the gastrocnemius (LG). A comparison of the in situ length-tension curve and in vivo operating lengths during swing revealed the LG operated at long lengths on the descending limb of the length tension curve during swing. Finally I characterized the force-velocity curve of the LG and found the muscle to have mechanical properties within the range previously determined for other vertebrates. In conclusion, I determined a passive mechanism which could reduce the required mechanical work of swing and thereby explain part of the apparent lack of a link between mechanical work and energetic cost of swing. In addition, results from these studies suggest the remaining work necessary for swing may be provided by active contraction of muscle.