[PDF] The Actin Cytoskeleton eBook

Author : Francisco Rivero
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 26,51 MB
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 3039365657

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This Special Issue of IJMS covers a broad range of cutting-edge aspects related to the organization, function, and role in disease of the actin cytoskeleton. This cellular structure is of fundamental importance for the homeostasis of every eukaryotic cell, from the simplest unicellular organism to the most complex animal cell. The actin cytoskeleton contributes to developing and maintaining cell shape and tissue integrity and is crucial for cell migration, movement of organelles, vesicle trafficking, and the completion of cell division. Elaborate structures like the sarcomere, the inner ear cell stereocilia, and the brush border microvilli are built on actin filament scaffolds. Dozens of actin-binding proteins orchestrate the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and integrate it with microtubules and intermediate filaments and with the cell signaling machinery. Playing such fundamental roles in a plethora of cellular processes, it comes as no surprise that defects in actin and associated proteins have been found to be implicated in pathological conditions as diverse as myopathies and neurodegenerative diseases. This Special Issue gathers 15 contributions highlighting the impressive advances made in recent years in this exciting field.

Author : Brigitte M. Jockusch
Publisher : Springer
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 15,71 MB
Release : 2017-01-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319463713

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Actin is one of the most abundant proteins and ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotes. In recent years, the analysis of structure and function of such complexes has shed new light on actin's role in cellular and tissue morphogenesis, locomotion and various forms of intracellular motility, but also on its role in nuclear processes like chromatin architecture and transcription. Progress in understanding these different physiological phenomena, but also in unravelling the basis of actin-based pathophysiological processes has been made by combining video microscopy, molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. Thus, the current research on actin, as ongoing in many international laboratories, is a "hot spot" in basic and translational research in life sciences. In this book on "The Actin Cytoskeleton", twelve internationally renowned authors present specific chapters that cover their recent work concerned with the various roles of actin mentioned above. This comprehensive volume is therefore an attractive handbook for teachers and students in many fields of medicine and pharmacology.

Author : Jonathan M. Lee
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 46,53 MB
Release : 2013-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 1615043896

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The mammalian cytoskeleton is an internal framework of actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament proteins. Proteins of these three classes assemble non-covalently into filamentous polymers that support the structural integrity of the relatively fragile lipid plasma membrane. In addition, cytoskeletal polymers provide the mechanical strength that hold a cell together and anchor it to its growth substrate. The cytoskeleton must also have the capacity for rapid and substantial remodeling and provide the motive and tractor force necessary to drive motility. As such, the cytoskeleton has a functional duality: sufficiently rigid to prevent plasma membrane deformation but pliable enough to allow for cytokinesis; sufficiently adhesive to allow for traction but dynamic enough to allow movement from one place to another. A major research challenge in cytoskeleton biology is to understand how cytoskeletal proteins assemble and dissemble in support of physiological processes. This chapter will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell migration. More specifically, we will focus on the actin cytoskeleton of vertebrate cells. Table of Contents: Introduction / The Fundamentals of Actin Polymerization / Accessory Proteins Regulate Actin Polymerization and Assembly / Cellular Actin Structure / Cell Migration / Summary of Cell Migration / References / Author Biography

Author : Thomas Dean Pollard
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 37,52 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Cell membranes
ISBN : 9781621820161

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The cytoskeleton is the intracellular filament system that controls the morphology of a cell, allows it to move, and provides trafficking routes for intracellular transport. It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. This textbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the cytoskeleton, cataloguing its many different components and explaining how they are functionally integrated in different cellular processes. It starts by laying out the basic molecular hardware, before describing in detail how these components are assembled in cells and linked to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix to maintain tissue architecture. It then surveys the roles of the cytoskeleton in processes such as intracellular transport, cell motility, signal transduction, and cell division. The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. It also represents a vital reference for all cell and developmental biologists working in this field.

Author : Ron Milo
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 17,43 MB
Release : 2015-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 1317230698

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A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid

Author : Joel Pardee
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 45,12 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Science
ISBN : 1615040064

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The cell is no longer considered to be a bag full of enzymes dissolved in a liquid cytoplasm. It is now known that the cytoplasm is an exquisitely ordered structure of properly placed organelles and enzyme complexes that are suspended from an intricate network of structural protein polymers termed the cytoskeleton. All movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell is regulated by this cytoskeleton, and it is clear that the cytoskeleton is responsible for all of the cell's external movement as well. In this lecture, we will consider how the cytoskeleton elicits cell migration.The three main elements of the cytoskeleton are microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. Microtubules are essential for (a) intracellular transport within the cytoplasm and transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm, (b) the structure and movement of all cilia and flagella, and (c) the structure of the mitotic spindle and movement of chromosomes on the spindle during cell division. Intermediate filaments give structural integrity to virtually all cells and tissues by providing an intracellular network of flexible cables that strengthen internal cell structure and stabilize cell-to-cell adhesion. It is this intercellular binding property that stably joins epithelial cells together to provide the protective functions of skin and the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.Actin is a highly conserved protein ubiquitous to all eukaryotic cells. Actin is absolutely required for (a) cell migration, (b) the contraction of muscle (both striated and smooth), (c) the structure and function of many cell protrusions (e.g., microvilli, filopodia, lamellopodia, blood platelet projections), (d) division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis) during telophase of cell mitosis, and (e) movement and placement of organelles within the cell. Actin filaments are also called thin filaments because of their very slender (70 Ã…) diameter.

Author : Ray H. Gavin
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,68 MB
Release : 2016
Category : Anatomy
ISBN : 9781493931255

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The third edition of this volume focuses on experimental models that are useful for investigating various aspects of cytoskeleton structure and function. Animal, plant, protist, and fungal models highlight twenty-four chapters that provide detailed protocols for live and fixed-cell imaging, dynamics of cytoskeleton components, cell and organelle motility, and genetics and proteomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, protocols in each chapter are up-to-date menus organized in a useful step-by-step format appropriate for novice and established investigators. Each chapter is equipped with a valuable notes section that provides a troubleshooting guide and helpful, and often unpublished, technical information aimed at ensuring success with implementation of the protocols. Authoritative and thorough, Cytoskeleton Methods and Protocols, Third Edition helps researchers expand their understanding of cytoskeleton structure and function.

Author : Hans Georg Mannherz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 11,36 MB
Release : 2017-02-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319500473

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This volume describes the mechanisms which bacteria have created to secure their survival, proliferation and dissemination by subverting the actin cytoskeleton of host cells. Bacteria have developed a veritable arsenal of toxins, effector proteins and virulence factors that allow them to modify the properties of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton for their own purposes. Bacterial factors either modify actin directly as the main component of this part of the cytoskeleton or functionally subvert regulatory or signalling proteins terminating at the actin cytoskeleton. In short, this volume provides an overview of the various tricks bacteria have evolved to “act on actin” in order to hijack this essential host cell component for their own needs. As such, it will be of interest to scientists from many fields, as well as clinicians whose work involves infectious diseases.

Author : Heide Schatten
Publisher : Springer
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 30,60 MB
Release : 2015-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 1493929046

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This volume addresses the structural and functional roles of the cytoskeleton and its dysfunctions which often lead to disease. It provides thorough discussion of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal functions and dysfunctions in different organ systems. Comprehensive yet concise. The Cytoskeleton In Health And Disease presents cutting-edge discoveries balanced with background information and highlights the new aspects of the research and its impact on the design of new strategies or the identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention. There is a significant need for a book on this topic, as interest in the cytoskeleton continues to grow as causes and cures for cytoskeletal diseases are further explored in biomedical research. This book is essential reading for scientists, students, and teachers interested in expanding their knowledge related to the cytoskeleton. New researchers entering the field will find classic and well as contemporary information not easily found in the current literature or internet resources.