[PDF] Technological Development In China India And Japan eBook

Author : Govindan Parayil
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 44,95 MB
Release : 2009-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :

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This empirically and conceptually rich volume identifies the emerging dynamics in the broader areas of science, technology and R&D in China and India by identifying the principal forces and actors at work that shape the new global division of labour in the internationalization of technology and innovation.

Author : Christopher Howe
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 50,18 MB
Release : 1999-12-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226354866

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For many in the West, the emergence of Japan as an economic superpower has been as surprising as it has been sudden. After its defeat in World War II, Japan hardly appeared a candidate to lead industrialized nations in productivity and technological innovation, and the "Japanese miracle" is often explained as the result of U.S. aid and protection in the postwar years. In The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy, Christopher Howe locates the sources of Japan's current commercial and financial strength in events tnat occurred well before 1945. In this revisionist account, Howe traces the history of Japanese trade over four centuries to show that the Japanese mastery of trade with the outside world began as long ago as the sixteenth century, with Japan's first contact with European trading partners. Although profitable, this early contact was so destabilizing that the Japanese leadership soon restricted foreign trade mainly to Asian partners. From the early seventeenth to the middle of the nineteenth centuries, Japan developed in relative isolation. Though secluded from the scientific and economic revolutions in the West, Japan proved adept at finding novel solutions to its own problems, and its economy grew in size, diversity, and technological and institutional sophistication. By the nineteenth century, when contacts with the West were reestablished. Japan had developed a remarkable capacity to absorb foreign technologies and to adapt and create new institutions, while retaining significant elements of its traditional system of values. Most importantly, Japan's long-standing reliance on its own ingenuity to solve problems continued to flourish. This tradition, born of necessity, is the most important foundation for Japan's current position as a world economic power.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 50,81 MB
Release : 2010-10-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309162688

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An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.

Author : Arnold Pacey
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 24,45 MB
Release : 2021-08-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0262366282

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The new edition of a milestone work on the global history of technology. This milestone history of technology, first published in 1990 and now revised and expanded in light of recent research, broke new ground by taking a global view, avoiding the conventional Eurocentric perspective and placing the development of technology squarely in the context of a "world civilization." Case studies include "technological dialogues" between China and West Asia in the eleventh century, medieval African states and the Islamic world, and the United States and Japan post-1950. It examines railway empires through the examples of Russia and Japan and explores current synergies of innovation in energy supply and smartphone technology through African cases. The book uses the term "technological dialogue" to challenges the top-down concept of "technology transfer," showing instead that technologies are typically modified to fit local needs and conditions, often triggering further innovation. The authors trace these encounters and exchanges over a thousand years, examining changes in such technologies as agriculture, firearms, printing, electricity, and railroads. A new chapter brings the narrative into the twenty-first century, discussing technological developments including petrochemicals, aerospace, and digitalization from often unexpected global viewpoints and asking what new kind of industrial revolution is needed to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene.

Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher : WIPO
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 45,78 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : 9280516205

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This study examines and evaluates the recent progress made in seven Asian countries (China, India, Japan, Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore and Thailand) towards more effective and mutually reinforcing relations between universities and industries in the field of scientific and technological research and proposes a checklist for action to make these relationships even more effective from the broad perspective of the national economy. In particular, it highlights the mechanisms adopted by these Asian countries for technology transfer and pays particular attention to the use of the intellectual property system as an instrument for technology transfer from university to industry. While economic and historical situations are different across Asian countries and no simple solution can be found that is universally applicable throughout the region, it is the hope of the participants in this project that this document will provide some useful lessons and insights, and will thus be helpful to policy-makers who are concerned with evaluating the effectiveness of university- industry relations in their respective countries and identifying ways to improve them.

Author : Ernest H. Preeg
Publisher : CSIS
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 32,47 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780974567433

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In recent years has become increasingly clear that both China and India are competing with the US for technological supremacy as well as market share. Preeg, whose credits include senior positions in finance and development in the US government as well as academic posts, gives policy makers in the private and public sectors fair warning as he analyzes the rise of science and technology in China and India, their development in trade and export competitiveness, the rise of Indian and Chinese multinational companies and their technological innovations, and the geopolitical and geostrategic dimensions of their move into technology. He also describes the response of the US, including recent international financial, trade and investment policy, domestic economic policy responses to international competition, and the future of the role of America as leader in what has become a triangular form of leadership.

Author : Chihiro Watanabe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 24,46 MB
Release : 2009-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540892729

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This book summarizes highlights of the investigation of “An Elucidation of the Role of Institutional Systems in Characterizing Technology Development Trajectories – A Global Comparative Analysis of Manufacturing Technology and Information Te- nology in the Enhancement of Business Practice” supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scienti?c Research (S) by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/Japan Society for Science Policy over the period 2002–2006. Background and objectives of the investigation are summarized as follows: (a) Japan ranks far below the level of the USA with respect to the development and utilization of information technology (IT) in the information society that emerged in the 1990s. (b) This can be attributed toa vicious cycle between Japan’s non-elastic institutions, insuf?cient utilization of the potential bene?ts of IT, and economic stagnation. (c) The source of such a vicious cycle can be derived from the fundamental d- ferences of the characterizing process of technology between manufacturing technology (MT) and IT during their diffusion processes. This investigation - tempted to elucidate this mechanism. Noteworthy ?ndings obtained include: (a) MT has been developed largely by the supply side and its functionality is - tablished during the stage of its supply to the market. In contrast, IT is strongly driven by the demand side and its functionality is created through diffusion in a self-propagating way. This contrast can be clearly observed in the dramatic advancement of Japan’s mobile phone industry in the late 1990s.