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Author : Oshadha Kanchana Ranasingha
Publisher :
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 23,49 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Yangsi Liu
Publisher :
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 18,48 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Nanostructured materials
ISBN :
ZnO nanostructures have drawn a great attention from researchers worldwide for their unique chemical, physical, electrical, and optical properties in the recent years. One of the biggest advantages of ZnO is that it can be synthesized by a variety of methods, which also results in the richest family of its nanostructures with various dimensions among all materials. As an important metal oxide semiconductor, the nanostructured ZnO materials have been considered as the promising building blocks for nanodevices for a broad range of applications in catalysis, electronics and photonics. Therefore, realizing ZnO based materials with desired nanostructure and enhanced performance is essential in the research and applications of ZnO. The research reported in this thesis is mainly focused on the development of ZnO based nanostructures by facile and economic approaches, the analysis of their compositional, structural, and functional properties, the understanding of growth and behaviour mechanism of these nanostructures, and the study of their performance in environmental applications. Several characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman scattering, photoluminescence (PL) emission and Ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) spectra, have been applied in this research to verify the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, growth process, crystal structure, defects and optical properties of various ZnO based nanostructures. One dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on glass substrates with ZnO seeds via a low temperature and ambient atmosphere hydrothermal method. The concentration of precursors can change the aspect ratio, surface roughness and the band gap energy of the nanorods. They were applied in the degradation of estrone, and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed during photocatalysis process was detected by fluorescence analysis. The results revealed that the ZnO nanorod array produced from 25 mM reactants had the highest aspect ratio, the largest surface roughness, the lowest band gap energy, and a suitable rod gap distance, favouring the UV light utilization, photocatalytic degradation and H2O2 generation. The pH value of the solution has a significant effect on the growth behaviour and morphology of ZnO nanorods. The crystal size and the alignment of ZnO nanorods grown from neutral (pH = 7) and acid (pH = 5) conditions were distinctly different although both of them had hexagonal wurtzite phase. The pH can adjust the chemical reactions direction, influence the extent of nucleation and crystal growth by varying the degree of supersaturation, and also tailor the distribution and orientation of ZnO nuclei, thereby having a great effect on the crystal size and the alignment of ZnO nanorods. Complex three dimensional (3D) ZnO trunk-branch nanostructures immobilized on glass substrates were achieved by a multi-step growth method without any capping agents. The process included the magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal growth. Both the large primal trunks and small branches were single crystal grown along [0001] direction. This hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with additional active surface, improved light harvesting and a large amount of defects exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency in degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) than nonbranched samples. ZnO nanorod arrays were combined with Ag to study their photocatalytic activity under visible light. The Ag/ZnO heterostructures were realized by photoreduction in various reducing mediums. In the air, only a small amount of Ag nanoribbons was reduced. Ag nanosheets and nanoparticles produced in water to form a nano (sheet-rod-particle) multilevel structure with the ZnO nanorods. A large amount of Ag nanoclusters were embedded in the ZnO nanorod arrays in the water mixed with ethanol. The Ag component stimulated the surface phonon resonance, which is the root cause for the visible light driven photocatalysis. The effect of quantity and dispersion of Ag nanostructures on the optical properties, and the photocatalytic behaviour of Ag/ZnO heterostructures was investigated. Time-affected wettability was compared among the TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite, ZnO/ZnO bi-level nanostructure and ZnO nanorod arrays by measuring the water contact angles on their surfaces. In ambient conditions, their surfaces transformed spontaneously from hydrophilic to hydrophobic during a long time storage. The replacement of initial surface hydroxyl groups by oxygen atoms and the adsorption of organic contaminants in the air would be the main reasons for such a conversion. The influence of morphological features and surface chemical components on the wettability change rate was discussed. In the last part of this thesis, conclusions and future works are addressed according to the synthesis, characterization and application results.
Author : Paolo Mele
Publisher : Springer
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 50,53 MB
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319144782
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the science of nanostructured oxides. It details the fundamental techniques and methodologies involved in oxides thin film and bulk growth, characterization and device processing, as well as heterostructures. Both, experts in oxide nanostructures and experts in thin film heteroepitaxy, contribute the interactions described within this book.
Author : Kamlendra Awasthi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 781 pages
File Size : 17,97 MB
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0128189010
Nanostructured Zinc Oxide covers the various routes for the synthesis of different types of nanostructured zinc oxide including; 1D (nanorods, nanowires etc.), 2D and 3D (nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanospheres etc.). This comprehensive overview provides readers with a clear understanding of the various parameters controlling morphologies. The book also reviews key properties of ZnO including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric and surface properties and techniques in order to tailor key properties. There is a large emphasis in the book on ZnO nanostructures and their role in optoelectronics. ZnO is very interesting and widely investigated material for a number of applications. This book presents up-to-date information about the ZnO nanostructures-based applications such as gas sensing, pH sensing, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and electrodes for optoelectronics. Reviews methods to synthesize, tailor, and characterize 1D, 2D, and 3D zinc oxide nanostructured materials Discusses key properties of zinc oxide nanostructured materials including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric, and surface properties Addresses most relevant zinc oxide applications in optoelectronics such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors
Author : Derek Pletcher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 21,96 MB
Release : 2014-08-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118694430
Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion. While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance. Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments. The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.
Author : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 898 pages
File Size : 39,94 MB
Release : 2018-05-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 352734294X
An overview of the current state of nanotechnology-based devices with applications in environmental science, focusing on nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites. The handbook pays special attention to those nanotechnology-based approaches that promise easier, faster and cheaper processes in environmental monitoring and remediation. Furthermore, it presents up-to-date information on the economics, toxicity and regulations related to nanotechnology in detail. The book closes with a look at the role of nanotechnology for a green and sustainable future. With its coverage of existing and soon-to-be-realized devices this is an indispensable reference for both academic and corporate R&D.
Author : Muhammad Bilal Tahir
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 27,89 MB
Release : 2021-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0128238372
Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, Hazards and Safety explains the fundamental properties of nanomaterials, covering their types and classifications. The book includes methods of preparation and characterization of nanostructured materials. It explains the principles and fundamentals of nanomaterials, with information on both pure and composite-based materials with e nanostructures, outlines the latest developments and advances in nanomaterials, and highlights toxic effects and protection. This book is designed to appeal to a wide readership of academic and industrial researchers, focusing on nanotechnology and nanomaterials, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and interface science. Provides information on major concepts and advances made in the areas of nanomaterials properties and nano safety Identifies the major physiochemical properties of nanomaterials Explores the toxicity of different class of nanomaterials and how they can be used safely
Author : Naveen Kumar
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 18,67 MB
Release : 2022-11-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0323860176
Metal Oxide–Based Heterostructures: Fabrication and Applications provides information on synthesis strategies, structural and hierarchical features, morphological characteristics of metal oxide–based heterostructures, and their diverse applications. This book begins with an introduction to the various multidimensional heterostructures, synthesis aspects, and techniques used to control the formation of heterostructures. Then, the impact of synthesis routes on the formation of mixed metal oxide heterostructures and their properties are analyzed. The effect of nonmetal doping, metal doping, and composites of metal oxide heterostructures on the properties of heterostructures is also addressed and that also includes opportunities for optimization of the material’s performance for specific applications. Special attention is given to the surface characteristics of the metal oxide heterostructures and their impact on the material’s performance, and the applications of metal oxide heterostructures in various fields such as environmental remediation, sensing, organic catalysis, photovoltaics, light emitting materials, and hydrogen production. Introduces key principles for metal oxide heterostructures, their properties, key characteristics, and synthesis routes Emphasizes the relationship between synthesis strategies and material performance, including optimization strategies such as tailoring the material’s surface characteristics or structure Discusses metal oxide heterostructures and their application in lighting and displays, energy, environment, and sensing
Author : Jabessa Tesfaye
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 15,37 MB
Release : 2012-06
Category :
ISBN : 9783659152122
Four typical kinds of crop seeds were studied as non-metallic bio-precursors to synthesize Biogenic Nitrogen-Phosphorous-codoped ZnO (BNP-ZnO). The as-prepared BNP-ZnO samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and UV Vis spectroscopy. The results show that the as-synthesized nanomaterials have pure hexagonal wurtzite structure. Also the crystalline formation of ZnO and the absorbed species on the nanocrystals were observed. In the experiments it was found that the absorption edges of BNP-ZnO were extended to visible light compared to synthesized ZnO. Furthermore, experiments of crystal violet (CV) degradation under sunlight irradiation indicate superior photocatalytic activity of BNP-ZnO, of which the degradation rate is almost four times that of synthesized ZnO.
Author : Wenbin Cao
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 678 pages
File Size : 34,7 MB
Release : 2016-08-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9535124846
Photocatalysis is a hot topic because it is an environmentally friendly approach toward the conversion of light energy into chemical energy at mild reaction environments. Also, it is well applied in several major areas such as water splitting, bacterial inactivation, and pollutants elimination, which is a possible solution to energy shortage and environmental issues. The fundamental knowledge and the frontier research progress in typical photocatalytic materials, such as TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based photocatalysts, are included in this book. Methods to improve the photocatalytic efficiency and to provide a hint for the rational design of the new photocatalysts are covered.