[PDF] Statistics Of Invention Illustrating The Policy Of A Patent Law eBook
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The U.S. patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual technological change and the greater importance ascribed to patents in a knowledge economy are exposing weaknesses including questionable patent quality, rising transaction costs, impediments to the dissemination of information through patents, and international inconsistencies. A panel including a mix of legal expertise, economists, technologists, and university and corporate officials recommends significant changes in the way the patent system operates. A Patent System for the 21st Century urges creation of a mechanism for post-grant challenges to newly issued patents, reinvigoration of the non-obviousness standard to quality for a patent, strengthening of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, simplified and less costly litigation, harmonization of the U.S., European, and Japanese examination process, and protection of some research from patent infringement liability.
In recent years, business leaders, policymakers, and inventors have complained to the media and to Congress that today's patent system stifles innovation instead of fostering it. But like the infamous patent on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich, much of the cited evidence about the patent system is pure anecdote--making realistic policy formation difficult. Is the patent system fundamentally broken, or can it be fixed with a few modest reforms? Moving beyond rhetoric, Patent Failure provides the first authoritative and comprehensive look at the economic performance of patents in forty years. James Bessen and Michael Meurer ask whether patents work well as property rights, and, if not, what institutional and legal reforms are necessary to make the patent system more effective. Patent Failure presents a wide range of empirical evidence from history, law, and economics. The book's findings are stark and conclusive. While patents do provide incentives to invest in research, development, and commercialization, for most businesses today, patents fail to provide predictable property rights. Instead, they produce costly disputes and excessive litigation that outweigh positive incentives. Only in some sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, do patents act as advertised, with their benefits outweighing the related costs. By showing how the patent system has fallen short in providing predictable legal boundaries, Patent Failure serves as a call for change in institutions and laws. There are no simple solutions, but Bessen and Meurer's reform proposals need to be heard. The health and competitiveness of the nation's economy depend on it.
Succinct and timely, Patent Law, Sixth Edition demystifies its subject as it explores and explains important cases, judicial authorities, statutes, and policy. Approachably written for law students, attorneys, inventors, and laypersons alike, this text stands on its own and may be used alongside any patent or IP casebook to support more in-depth study of patent law. New to the Sixth Edition: Coverage of the Supreme Court’s ongoing, intensive scrutiny of the America Invents Act (AIA), the most significant change to U.S. patent law in 70 years, including: Helsinn (definition of prior art under the AIA) Cuozzo (non-reviewability of institution decisions) Oil States (Constitutionality of AIA) SAS Institute (rejecting partial institution) Return Mail (federal government not a “person” entitled to post-grant review) Dex Media (cert. granted, reviewability of Board’s time-bar decisions) The burgeoning landscape of patent-eligibility jurisprudence under 35 U.S.C. §101, including Federal Circuit decisions in: Vanda, Cleveland Clinic, Genetic Techs., Endo, Athena Diagnostics (laws of nature) Enfish; Thales Visionix (abstract ideas) Berkheimer, Aatrix, Cellspin (role of fact questions in the Mayo/Alice Step Two “inventiveness” inquiry) Disparate viewpoints for analyzing the bedrock requirement of nonobviousness, including the Federal Circuit’s first en banc obviousness decision in thirty years: Apple v. Samsung The continued vitality of infringement under the doctrine of equivalents, as illustrated in a spate of Federal Circuit decisions including: Lilly v. Hospira Supreme Court decisions examining patent infringement remedies, including: WesternGeco (offshore lost profits) NantKwest (cert. granted, attorney fee-shifting in §145 civil actions) Supreme Court decisions cabining long-standing defenses to patent infringement, including: Impression Products (patent exhaustion) SCA Hygiene (laches and equitable estoppel) Professors and students will benefit from: Thorough coverage and clear writing that clarifies principal legal doctrines, key judicial authorities, governing statutes, and policy considerations for obtaining, enforcing, and challenging a U.S. patent In-depth treatment and comparison of pre- and post-America Invents Act regimes for novelty and prior art with numerous hypotheticals Timely statistics on patent trends Succinct analysis of multi-national patent protection regimes Helpful visual aids, such as figures, tables, and timelines A sample patent and breakdown of a prosecution history Boldfaced key terms and a convenient Glossary
Author : United States. Department of Justice Publisher : Page : 340 pages File Size : 17,62 MB Release : 1947 Category : Patent laws and legislation ISBN :
Author : National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 457 pages File Size : 40,84 MB Release : 1993-02-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 0309048338
As technological developments multiply around the globeâ€"even as the patenting of human genes comes under serious discussionâ€"nations, companies, and researchers find themselves in conflict over intellectual property rights (IPRs). Now, an international group of experts presents the first multidisciplinary look at IPRs in an age of explosive growth in science and technology. This thought-provoking volume offers an update on current international IPR negotiations and includes case studies on software, computer chips, optoelectronics, and biotechnologyâ€"areas characterized by high development cost and easy reproducibility. The volume covers these and other issues: Modern economic theory as a basis for approaching international IPRs. U.S. intellectual property practices versus those in Japan, India, the European Community, and the developing and newly industrializing countries. Trends in science and technology and how they affect IPRs. Pros and cons of a uniform international IPRs regime versus a system reflecting national differences.
Zvi Griliches, a world-renowned pioneer in the field of productivity growth, has compiled in a single volume his pathbreaking research on R&D and productivity. Griliches addresses the relationship between research and development (R&D) and productivity, one of the most complex yet vital issues in today's business world. Using econometric techniques, he establishes this connection and measures its magnitude for firm-, industry-, and economy-level data. Griliches began his studies of productivity growth during the 1950s, adding a variable of "knowledge stock" to traditional production function models, and his work has served as the point of departure for much of the research into R&D and productivity. This collection of essays documents both Griliches's distinguished career as well as the history of this line of thought. As inputs into production increasingly taking the form of "intellectual capital" and new technologies that are not as easily measured as traditional labor and capital, the methods Griliches has refined and applied to R&D become crucial to understanding today's economy.