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Author : J. Feynman
Publisher :
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 41,63 MB
Release : 1981
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Joan Feynman
Publisher :
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 18,66 MB
Release : 1981
Category :
ISBN :
Problems pertaining to spacecraft charging at near-geosynchronous orbit were investigated using data from P78-2 SCATHA collected in 1979-80. These studies included specification of significant aspects of the near-geosynchronous environment, effectiveness of active control systems and verification of computer modeling of satellite potentials. Environmental specification studies were made of major plasma sheet boundaries, near-geosynchronous particle fluxes and long term prediction of hazardous geomagnetic conditions. Work was begun on magnetospheric modeling. Unfortunately, the particle beam active control system caused the failure of two instruments. These events were thoroughtly studied but some uncertainty remains concerning the causes of the problems. Comparisons of spacecraft discharge techniques indicated the x sub e (+) plasma source was the preferred operational mode. Satisfactory agreement with observed charging levels was obtained when the NASCAP/AFGL computer model was used with environmental input derived from observed particle fluxes. A secondary research effort focused on studies of ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions in the polar cap and auroral zone. Air Force measurements of S3-2 electric and magnetic fields and electron and thermal plasma fluxes were used as well as DMSP auroral imagery.
Author : E. G. Mullen
Publisher :
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 40,85 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Electrons
ISBN :
High-level spacecraft charging events in sunlight are discussed and statistically analyzed to determine environmental parameters critical to charging and the region of space near geosynchronous altitude where charging occurs. Significant levels of spacecraft charging are shown to occur only between 1900 LT and 0900 LT at any altitude or latitude of the SCATHA satellite orbit. High-level charging is shown to occur only during periods when the magnetic activity index is 2+ or greater. Distribution functions of energetic electrons and ions are presented for 3 high-level charging periods on days 114, 241 and 363, 1979. Moments of the distribution functions are determined, and fitting techniques used to derive two-Maxwellian densities and temperatures are discussed. Results are provided in a format usable in satellite design specifications.
Author : Shu T. Lai
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 33,40 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 0691129479
As commercial and military spacecraft become more important to the world's economy and defense, and as new scientific and exploratory missions are launched into space, the need for a single comprehensive resource on spacecraft charging becomes increasingly critical. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the first and only textbook to bring together all the necessary concepts and equations for a complete understanding of the subject. Written by one of the field's leading authorities, this essential reference enables readers to fully grasp the newest ideas and underlying physical mechanisms related to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft in the space environment. Assuming that readers may have little or no background in this area, this complete textbook covers all aspects of the field. The coverage is detailed and thorough, and topics range from secondary and backscattered electrons, spacecraft charging in Maxwellian plasmas, effective mitigation techniques, and potential wells and barriers to operational anomalies, meteors, and neutral gas release. Significant equations are derived from first principles, and abundant examples, exercises, figures, illustrations, and tables are furnished to facilitate comprehension. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the definitive reference on the physics of spacecraft charging and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate-level students, and professional space researchers.
Author : C. P. Pike
Publisher :
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 31,54 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Plasma (Ionized gases)
ISBN :
A Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, sponsored by the USAF and NASA, was held in October 1976. The Proceedings contain over 50 papers dealing with subjects including: (1) the geosynchronous plasma environment, (2) spacecraft modeling, (3) spacecraft materials characterization, (4) spacecraft materials development, (5) satellite design and test. In addition, an executive summary and the transcript of a panel discussion are included. (Author).
Author : Henry Berry Garrett
Publisher :
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 45,26 MB
Release : 1978
Category : Geostationary satellites
ISBN :
Rapid variations in spacecraft potential are observed on entry and exit from the earth's shadow. Generalized equations, based on elementary plasma probe theory, are developed which make quantitative estimates of these potentials as a function of satellite position in the earth's penumbra, and are compared with data from the ATS-5 and ATS-6 geosynchronous satellites. The agreement between the observations and the predictions results from the approximate constancy of the ratio of the ambient ion to electron current during injection events. Due to the significant size and shape differences of the ATS-5 and ATS-6 satellites, the results are applicable in many space physics situations such as estimating the effects of electron beams on satellite potential and of spacecraft charging on very large space structures. (Author).
Author : W. J. Burke
Publisher :
Page : 2 pages
File Size : 36,6 MB
Release : 1982
Category :
ISBN :
The last five years has been marked by rapid advancements in our understanding of electric fields in near-earth space. In no small part these advances have resulted from simultaneous measurements of electric fields and charged particle fluxes by polar orbiting satellites above the high-latitude ionosphere. The measurements provide new evidence concerning the nature of large-scale magnetospheric convection and small scale processes leading to the field-aligned acceleration of auroral electrons. This paper reviews observational evidences for the existence of parallel electric fields and several steady state, theoretical mechanisms by which these electric fields are sustained. Some implications of the existence of parallel electric fields for global magnetospheric modelling are also considered.
Author : Henry B. Garrett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 43,87 MB
Release : 2012-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118186451
The definitive guide to the modern body of spacecraft charging knowledge—from first principles for the beginner to intermediate and advanced concepts The only book to blend the theoretical and practical aspects of spacecraft charging, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects defines the environment that not only creates the aurora, but which also can have significant effects on spacecraft, such as disruption of science measurements and solar arrays from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It describes in detail the physics of the interaction phenomenon as well as how to construct spacecraft to enhance their survivability in the harsh environment of space. Combining the authors' extensive experience in spacecraft charging—and in their provision of design support to NASA, JPL, the commercial satellite market, and numerous other projects—this incredible book offers both a robust physics background and practical advice for neophytes in the field and experienced plasma physicists and spacecraft engineers. In addition to containing numerous equations, graphs, tables, references, and illustrations, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects covers: Solar cell technology, especially higher voltage arrays, and the new design approaches that are appropriate for them Information about the space plasma environment New analytic computer codes to analyze spacecraft charging Spacecraft anomalies and failures which emphasized designs that are of greater importance than others
Author : E. G. Mullen
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 38,50 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Electrons
ISBN :
High-level spacecraft charging events in sunlight are discussed and statistically analyzed to determine environmental parameters critical to charging and the region of space near geosynchronous altitude where charging occurs. Significant levels of spacecraft charging are shown to occur only between 1900 LT and 0900 LT at any altitude or latitude of the SCATHA satellite orbit. High-level charging is shown to occur only during periods when the magnetic activity index is 2+ or greater. Distribution functions of energetic electrons and ions are presented for 3 high-level charging periods on days 114, 241 and 363, 1979. Moments of the distribution functions are determined, and fitting techniques used to derive two-Maxwellian densities and temperatures are discussed. Results are provided in a format usable in satellite design specifications.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 39,93 MB
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309313953
In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.