Author : Kimmo Jensen
Publisher :
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 18,28 MB
Release : 2000
Category :
ISBN :
Short-term synaptic plasticity in the GABAergic synapse
Kimmo Jensen
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Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors
Adam C. Errington
Author : Adam C. Errington
Publisher : Springer
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 34,63 MB
Release : 2014-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 149391426X
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Plasticity of GABAergic Synapses
Andrea Barberis
Author : Andrea Barberis
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 41,39 MB
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Learning
ISBN : 2889197328
Learning and memory are believed to depend on plastic changes of neuronal circuits due to activity-dependent potentiation or depression of specific synapses. During the last two decades, plasticity of brain circuits was hypothesized to mainly rely on the flexibility of glutamatergic excitatory synapses, whereas inhibitory synapses were assumed relatively invariant, to ensure stable and reliable control of the neuronal network. As a consequence, while considerable efforts were made to clarify the main mechanisms underlying plasticity at excitatory synapses, the study of the cellular/molecular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity has received much less attention. Nevertheless, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that inhibitory synapses undergo several types of plasticity at both pre- and postsynaptic levels. Given the crucial role of inhibitory interneurons in shaping network activities, such as generation of oscillations, selection of cell assemblies and signal integration, modifications of the inhibitory synaptic strength represents an extraordinary source of versatility for the fine control of brain states. This versatility also results from the rich diversity of GABAergic neurons in several brain areas, the specific role played by each inhibitory neuron subtype within a given circuit, and the heterogeneity of the properties and modulation of GABAergic synapses formed by specific interneuron classes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the potentiation or depression of inhibitory synapses are now beginning to be unraveled. At the presynaptic level, retrograde synaptic signaling was demonstrated to modulate GABA release, whereas postsynaptic forms of plasticity involve changes in the number/gating properties of GABAA receptors and/or shifts of chloride gradients. In addition, recent research indicates that GABAergic tonic inhibition can also be plastic, adding a further level of complexity to the control of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. The present Topic will focus on plasticity of GABAergic synapses, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of plasticity induction and/or expression.
Neural Plasticity and Memory
Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 39,11 MB
Release : 2007-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1420008412
A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq
Neuronal Dynamics
Wulfram Gerstner
Author : Wulfram Gerstner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 31,19 MB
Release : 2014-07-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1107060834
This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
Jeffrey Noebels
Author : Jeffrey Noebels
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 1258 pages
File Size : 25,66 MB
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199746540
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Synaptic Plasticity at the Endbulb of Held
Soham Chanda
Author : Soham Chanda
Publisher :
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 46,6 MB
Release : 2010
Category :
ISBN :
Synaptic plasticity is the activity dependent change in synaptic transmission. Short-term plasticity (STP) is a form of synaptic plasticity that affects the synaptic strength for a very short time period (few milliseconds to second) and is found at all synapses. However the functional role of STP is not well-understood. Using voltage-clamp and current-clamp experiments, I studied the mechanism and functional importance of different forms of STP at a mammalian synapse called the endbulb of Held. This synapse plays an important role in the auditory pathway by relaying auditory information from the auditory nerve to higher auditory centers. I found that the presynaptic protein Complexin I is necessary to maintain the initial probability of neurotransmitter release at the endbulb, which in turn is required for the fidelity of synaptic transmission at this synapse. I also found that postsynaptic receptor desensitization is present even in the mature form of the endbulb and it decreases the probability of action potential firing during a long period of activity. Finally, I found gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediatedneuromodulation inhibits the relay property of this synapse and turns it into a coincidence detector for multiple auditory nerve fiber activity. Thus different forms of STP and neuromodulation dependent plasticities are present at the endbulb and they play important roles for maintaining the functional properties of this synapse.
Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus
Helmut L. Haas
Author : Helmut L. Haas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 13,4 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 364273202X
This is the second time that I have had the honor of opening an interna tional symposium dedicated to the functions of the hippocampus here in Pecs. It was a pleasure to greet the participants in the hope that their valuable contributions will make this meeting a tradition in this town. As one of the hosts of the symposium, I had the sorrowful duty to remind you of the absence of a dear colleague, Professor Graham God dard. His tragic and untimely death represents the irreparable loss of both a friend and an excellent researcher. This symposium is dedicated to his memory. If I compare the topics of the lectures of this symposium with those of the previous one, a striking difference becomes apparent. A dominating tendency of the previous symposium was to attempt to define hippocam pal function or to offer data relevant to supporting or rejecting existing theoretical positions. No such tendency is reflected in the titles of the present symposium, in which most of the contributions deal with hip pocampal phenomena at the most elementary level. Electrical, biochemi cal, biophysical, and pharmacological events at the synaptic, membrane, or intracellular level are analyzed without raising the question of what kind of integral functions these elementary phenomena are a part of.
Cerebellar Learning
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 13,8 MB
Release : 2014-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444634266
Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience, firmly established as an extensive documentation of the advances in contemporary brain research. The volumes, some of which are derived from important international symposia, contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry, and the behavioral sciences. This volume, The Cerebellum and Memory Formation: Structure, Computation and Function, covers topics including feedback control of cerebellar learning; cortico-cerebellar organization and skill acquisition; cerebellar plasticity and learning in the oculomotor system, and more. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research The volume reflects current thinking about the ways in which the cerebellum can engage in learning, and the contributors come from a variety of research fields The chapters express perspectives from different levels of analysis that range from molecular and cellular mechanisms through to long-range systems that allow the cerebellum to communicate with other brain areas
The Hippocampus Book
Per Andersen
Author : Per Andersen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 24,41 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195100273
The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.