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Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc focuses on four former Soviet sub-regions (the Baltic Sea region, the Slavic republics, the Black Sea region, and Central Asia) to explore the degree to which 'democratic security', which includes de-politicisation of, and civilian oversight of, the military, resolution of conflicts by international cooperation, and involvement in international organisations. It examines how far states in these regions have developed cooperative foreign and security policies towards their immediate neighbours and key Western states and organisations, explores the interplay between internal and external aspects of democratic security building, and uses case-study examples to show how inter-state bi-lateral and multi-lateral relations are developing.
Security Dynamics in the Former Soviet Bloc focuses on four former Soviet sub-regions (the Baltic Sea region, the Slavic republics, the Black Sea region, and Central Asia) to explore the degree to which 'democratic security', which includes de-politicisation of, and civilian oversight of, the military, resolution of conflicts by international cooperation, and involvement in international organisations. It examines how far states in these regions have developed cooperative foreign and security policies towards their immediate neighbours and key Western states and organisations, explores the interplay between internal and external aspects of democratic security building, and uses case-study examples to show how inter-state bi-lateral and multi-lateral relations are developing.
This collaborative effort by Russian and American scholars documents Russian policy toward ethno-national conflict in its "near abroad," American policy toward these conflicts, and the attempts of international organizations to prevent and resolve them. Case studies consider the causes, dynamics, and prospects of conflicts in Latvia, the Crimea, the Transdniester region of Moldova, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and the region of North Ossetia and Ingushetia.
Among the contentious issues that come into play in relations between Russia and the other post-Soviet states, security concerns are arguably at the top of the list. This text explores the links between post-Soviet security politics and the development of state sovereignty in the region.
This book addresses the issue of grand strategic stability in the 21st century, and examines the role of the key centres of global power - US, EU, Russia, China and India - in managing contemporary strategic threats. This edited volume examines the cooperative and conflictual capacity of Great Powers to manage increasingly interconnected strategic threats (not least, terrorism and political extremism, WMD proliferation, fragile states, regional crises and conflict and the energy-climate nexus) in the 21st century. The contributors question whether global order will increasingly be characterised by a predictable interdependent one-world system, as strategic threats create interest-based incentives and functional benefits. The work moves on to argue that the operational concept of world order is a Concert of Great Powers directing a new institutional order, norms and regimes whose combination is strategic-threat specific, regionally sensitive, loosely organised, and inclusive of major states (not least Brazil, Turkey, South Africa and Indonesia). Leadership can be singular, collective or coalition-based and this will characterise the nature of strategic stability and world order in the 21st century. This book will be of much interest to students of international security, grand strategy, foreign policy and IR. Graeme P. Herd is Co-Director of the International Training Course in Security Policy at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP). He is co-author of several books and co-editor of The Ideological War on Terror: World Wide Strategies for Counter Terrorism (2007), Soft Security Threats and European Security (2005), Security Dynamics of the former Soviet Bloc (2003) and Russia and the Regions: Strength through Weakness (2003).
Although it once issued a radical challenge that shook the existing world order, the USSR was soon thrown back to seek security within its own confines. Black Earth, Red Star vividly chronicles the Soviet experience from Lenin's 1917 revolution to the disintegration of the union in December 1991. R. Craig Nation provides the first post-Cold War history of the Soviets' seventy-four-year struggle to maintain an effective national security policy in a hostile world without altogether abandoning the commitment to their original internationalist ideals. Drawing on an unprecedented body of primary and secondary sources, Nation presents a nuanced overview of Soviet history from the triumph of the Bolshevik revolution to the emergence of Stalin, the shattering victory over Hitler, Khrushchev's frustrated efforts at reform during the Cold War, the degeneration of Soviet power under Brezhnev, and the convulsive changes since 1985. Shaped by a dynamic conflict between often contradictory aims - the promotion of Communist internationalism and the defense of national self-interest - Soviet security policy was far from static, he shows. Nation reconstructs the military, political, and economic strategies behind the succession of security policies with which the Kremlin responded to the rapid changes in the international environment and in Soviet society itself. While the red star that shines above the Kremlin no longer symbolizes a commitment to world revolution, the rich black earth of the Slavic east remains of lasting importance in international affairs. This book will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the future of the former Soviet republics, including historians of the USSR and political scientists working in international relations and security studies.
This book presents a new theoretical framework through which to understand the role of regional powers in creating and maintaining regional security orders. As a result of the retreat of the global powers since the end of the Cold War, it has become clear that international security dynamics are less explicable without considering the regional level as a primary focus for most states. The authors contend that these dynamics, which include the identification, management and prevention of security threats, are heavily influenced by regional powers. The regional level in this text is defined on the basis of regional sub-systems, more specifically Regional Security Complexes. Within this context, the authors utilize their framework to address how security orders are defined and how regional powers are identified. The focus then turns to an analysis of how the roles and foreign policy orientations of regional powers, conditioned by the presence of material capabilities, affect the development of regional security orders. The authors then present a comparative analysis of Russia, Brazil and India within their own security complexes to demonstrate an application of the framework. This book will be of interest to students of regional security, international security, foreign policy and International Relations in general.
Religion has become increasingly important in the sociopolitical life of countries in the former Soviet Union. This volume of essays examines how religion affects conflict and stability in the region and provides recommendations to policymakers.
"An excellent book. . . . I doubt if a single scholar exists who could cover such a wide range of problems with the depth of analysis that we find in this volume."--Darrell P. Hammer, Indiana University Contributors consider why communist political systems in the USSR, Eastern Europe, China, and the developing world could not be revamped so as to allow communist parties to retain political power within an environment of reform. Among the issues discussed are the unwillingness of communist parties to relinquish real political and economic control; the reemergence of virulent nationalism and its role in ensuring the disintegration of multinational states; postcommunist transition strategies, both political and economic; and the degree of continuity or change between Soviet and post-Soviet foreign policies in Russia. These previously unpublished essays have in common most of their authors' participation--thirty-five years ago--in a year-long graduate seminar at Columbia University entitled "The Communist Orbit." The book is dedicated to one of their teachers, Zbigniew Brzezinski, the Polish-born former national security advisor to President Jimmy Carter and professor of government who was one of the first to predict publicly, in 1988, the disintegration of the communist system. CONTENTS: Introduction: The Transformation of Communist Rule, by Jane Shapiro Zacek 1. The Soviet Military Changes Names, by William E. Odom 2. Creating Political Capital? by Barbara Ann Chotiner 3. The Communist Party on the Eve of Collapse: Changing Patterns of Political Behavior, by Cynthia S. Kaplan and Henry E. Brady 4. Reorganizing Intergovernmental Relations in the USSR, by Jane Shapiro Zacek 5. August 1991 in Comparative Perspective: Moscow and Kiev, by Zenovia A. Sochor 6. From Evil Empire to Democratic Capitalism: Alternative Russian Futures, by Nils H. Wessell 7. Balkan Politics in Transition: Nationalism and the Emergence of Ethnic Democracies, by Lenard J. Cohen 8. Polish Transition Strategy: Successes and Failures, by Lucja Swiatkowski Cannon 9. The Security of East Central Europe and the Visegrad Triangle, by Andrzej Korbonski 10. Chinese Foreign Policy During and After the Cold War, by Thomas W. Robinson 11. Russia and the Two Koreas in the Post-Cold War Era: Dynamics of New Relationships, by Ilpyong J. Kim 12. Soviet-Israeli Relations in the Gorbachev Era, by Robert O. Freedman 13. Marxist Regimes in Developing Areas and Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, by David E. Albright. Jane Shapiro Zacek is adjunct professor of political science at Union College, Schenectady, New York, and author or coeditor of nine other books, including Reform and Transformation in Communist Systems (1991), and Establishing Democratic Rule (1993). Ilpyong J. Kim is professor of political science at the University of Connecticut, Storrs and author or editor of sixteen books, including Two Koreas in Transition: Implications for U.S. Policy (1996).
Using a case study with wide implications for European security, stability, and the division of former Soviet security assets between Russia and Ukraine, Deborah Sanders considers which factors promote and which hamper security cooperation. She examines the dismantling of Ukraine's tactical nuclear weapons, the removal of their strategic nuclear weapons, and the division of the Black Sea fleet. While the collapse of the Soviet Union opened up possibilities for cooperation, it also unleashed long-suppressed national feelings. Sanders argues that the dynamics of cooperation can only be understood if these domestic political factors are taken into account.