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This book provides a timely analysis of the role that information-particularly scientific information-plays in the policy-making and decision-making processes in coastal and ocean management. It includes contributions from global experts in marine environmental science, marine policy, fisheries, public policy and administration, resource management
This book provides a timely analysis of the role that information particularly scientific information plays in the policy making and decision making processes in coastal and ocean management. It includes contributions from global experts in marine environmental science, marine policy, fisheries, public policy and administration, resource management, risk management, and information management.
This book summarizes three symposia that were convened in the California, Gulf of Maine, and Gulf of Mexico regions to seek new ways to improve the use of science in coastal policymaking. The book recommends actions that could be taken by federal and state agencies and legislatures, local authorities, scientists, universities, the media, nongovernmental organizations, and the public to yield better coastal decisions and policies. It is unique in that it resulted from a partnership among natural scientists, social scientists, and policymakers.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard Publisher : Page : 108 pages File Size : 17,15 MB Release : 2010 Category : Law ISBN :
Written in response to the increasing interest in the making of ocean policy, this collection of original articles surveys the history of U.S. ocean policy, ocean policy advocacy, and the struggle within government to determine how best to develop and implement a sensible ocean policy. The increasing complexity of the issues, programs, and policies related to marine and coastal zone matters and the increasing number of government agencies and interest groups formed to deal with these matters reflect the growing awareness of their importance. But, reflect the editors, in an enormously complex world, where many interests are in conflict and where information is tentative and incomplete—yet often overwhelmingly abundant—there are few easy solutions to ocean policy problems.
Accompanying DVD contains 2 segments: the first shows the developmental process into making the report, the second shows a summary of the findings and recommendations of the report.
This comprehensive handbook, prepared by leading ocean policy academics and practitioners from around the world, presents in-depth analyses of the experiences of fifteen developed and developing nations and four key regions of the world that have taken concrete steps toward cross-cutting and integrated national and regional ocean policy. All chapters follow a common framework for policy analysis. While most coastal nations of the world already have a variety of sectoral policies in place to manage different uses of the ocean (such as shipping, fishing, oil and gas development), in the last two decades, the coastal nations covered in the book have undertaken concerted efforts to articulate and implement an integrated, ecosystem-based vision for the governance of ocean areas under their jurisdiction. This includes goals and procedures to harmonize existing uses and laws, to foster sustainable development of ocean areas, to protect biodiversity and vulnerable resources and ecosystems, and to coordinate the actions of the many government agencies that are typically involved in oceans affairs. The book highlights the serious conflicts of use in most national ocean zones and the varying attempts by nations to follow the prescriptions emanating from the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the outcomes of the 1992, 2002, and 2012 sustainable development summits. The interrelationship among uses and processes in the coast and ocean requires that ocean governance be integrated, precautionary, and anticipatory. Overall, the book provides a definitive state-of-the-art review and analysis of national and regional ocean policies around the world.
While there is growing evidence of the importance of marine ecosystems for our societies, evidence shows also that pressures from human activities on these ecosystems are increasing, putting the health of marine ecosystems at stake worldwide. Hence, Blue Economy is becoming an important component of future socio-economic development strategies (e.g. this is called Blue Growth in Europe), that eventually can result in increasing pressures at sea, and despite the current regulatory framework (in particular with the Oceans Act, in USA or Canada, and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, in Europe), it is likely that this situation will continue in the future. Ensuring all those connected to the sea, directly or indirectly, gain a better understanding of the importance of the seas, the human-sea interactions and opportunities to act better and reduce impacts from human pressures, is central to Ocean Literacy (OL). Receiving increasing attention in Europe and USA, OL is a challenge for all parts of society: educators & trainers, children and professionals, civil society and scientists, consumers and policy/decision makers. It is seen as part of the package of solutions that will lead to a change in behavior and practice, thus reducing impacts and resulting in healthier marine ecosystems, whilst allowing development opportunities offered by seas are seized in a sustainable manner. This Research Topic focuses on the issues and options for effective OL worldwide. It discusses: (1) existing experiences in OL (formal and informal education for children, training for professionals, tools for raising awareness of consumers - and of investors in the marine sectors...) and their effectiveness (from understanding better to acting differently); (2) the role OL could play (in interaction with innovation, regulation, economic incentive, social norms...) to support human capital development as key component of sustainable growth; and (3) pre-conditions for effective OL for different sectors and target groups. Questions relevant to OL include: Which knowledge - produced by whom - to share and how? Who to target - and how to effectively reach those targeted? How to design OL initiatives - including by mobilizing those targeted (via living lab approaches e.g.) - to ensure effective OL and pave the way for behavior change? What are the knowledge gaps that limit our capacity to design effective OL? As scientists, it is likely you have many more questions to offer and discuss.
The environmental integrity and sustainable productivity of the ocean, our coasts and coastal watersheds, and the Great Lakes play a central role in the well-being of all Americans. Every day, the marine environment supplies a multitude of products and services that enhance and support the lives and livelihoods of citizens. In 2011, Americans, on average, ate 15 pounds of fish and shellfish per person - 4.7 billion pounds all together - making the United States second in the world in total seafood consumption. Offshore oil production in Federal waters accounts for fully 24 percent of total U.S. crude oil production. More than half of the United States population lives in coastal watershed counties, and these counties generate 58 percent ($8.3 trillion) of the Nation's gross domestic product (GDP)-even though they comprise only 25 percent of the Nation's land area. If American coastal watershed counties were considered an individual country, that country would have a GDP higher than that of China. Recognizing the central role these environments and their resources play, and the many sometimes competing demands placed on them, President Obama issued Executive Order 13547, Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes, on July 19, 2010. The Executive Order established a comprehensive National Ocean Policy to improve the Nation's stewardship of the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes. The Policy, which adopts the Final Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force, calls for use of the best available science to inform decisions affecting these essential ecosystems as well as to enhance humanity's capacity to understand and respond to a changing global environment. Full implementation of the National Ocean Policy will require significant progress in ocean science and more effective application of research results to aid decision-making. These two important concepts drove the selection of issues that frame this document, Science for an Ocean Nation. Science for an Ocean Nation sets priorities for scientific research that support the National Ocean Policy goal of balancing the productive use of the marine environment with its stewardship and protection. It represents the consensus view of 25 Federal agencies regarding key ocean science research areas and incorporates extensive input from outside the Federal Government. This report is constructed around six societal themes that frame ocean research in terms of the needs of Americans. Within these societal themes, Science for an Ocean Nation presents research priorities with the greatest potential to provide benefits to the Nation. This report builds on its predecessor, Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States for the Next Decade ("Charting the Course"), by updating research priorities, addressing emerging areas of research, and highlighting accomplishments resulting from Charting the Course. It also highlights cross-cutting capabilities and approaches that can help provide the technological advancements, broad perspective, and community structure needed to address the research priorities. The themes that frame Science for an Ocean Nation represent key areas of interaction between human society and the ocean. The research priorities within each societal theme draw upon both natural and social sciences and aim to improve the tools required not only to carry out research but also to translate, disseminate, and apply the results of that research to address pressing issues facing the Nation and the world.