[PDF] Science And Technology In The United States Today eBook

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 28,71 MB
Release : 2007-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309100399

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In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. competitiveness and pre-eminence in these areas. This congressionally requested report by a pre-eminent committee makes four recommendations along with 20 implementation actions that federal policy-makers should take to create high-quality jobs and focus new science and technology efforts on meeting the nation's needs, especially in the area of clean, affordable energy: 1) Increase America's talent pool by vastly improving K-12 mathematics and science education; 2) Sustain and strengthen the nation's commitment to long-term basic research; 3) Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from both the U.S. and abroad; and 4) Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation. Some actions will involve changing existing laws, while others will require financial support that would come from reallocating existing budgets or increasing them. Rising Above the Gathering Storm will be of great interest to federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, public decision makers, research sponsors, regulatory analysts, and scholars.

Author : James Edward McClellan
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 18,75 MB
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 9780801883590

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Author : David Deming
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 39,87 MB
Release : 2014-01-10
Category : History
ISBN : 0786456426

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Science is a living, organic activity, the meaning and understanding of which have evolved incrementally over human history. This book, the second in a roughly chronological series, explores the evolution of science from the advents of Christianity and Islam through the Middle Ages, focusing especially on the historical relationship between science and religion. Specific topics include technological innovations during the Middle Ages; Islamic science; the Crusades; Gothic cathedrals; and the founding of Western universities. Close attention is given to such figures as Paul the Apostle, Hippolytus, Lactantius, Cyril of Alexandria, Hypatia, Cosmas Indicopleustes, and the Prophet Mohammed.

Author : Alan I Marcus
Publisher : Prometheus Books
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 25,90 MB
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN :

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Since the creation of the National Science foundation in 1950, the federal government has acknowledged and supported the centrality of science and technology to the global competitiveness of the United States. In this important work, historians Alan I Marcus and Amy Sue Bix present illuminating case studies that highlight crucial policy patterns, shifts in emphasis, and debates over future directions of US science and technology policy. One major theme that emerges from these studies is that universities quickly became the main vehicles through which national science and technology policy was developed. As universities became involved in implementing federal policy, their role as educational institutions inevitably changed. Other themes include the effect of gender and minority concerns on policy, as well as the application of social science to selecting research agendas and technology initiatives. Marcus and Bix’s revealing analysis corrects the misperception that federal science and technology policy is solely concerned with defense. They demonstrate that biotechnology, robotics, nanotechnology, and information science have also become potent policy choices in recent years, impacting such diverse areas of society as medicine, agriculture, energy use, economic trends, and homeland security. Containing a wealth of information and insightful analysis, this comprehensive chronological study will be especially useful for undergraduate readers, while offering much to graduate students and established scholars.

Author : Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 36,80 MB
Release : 2014-10-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781502752482

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As experts seek explanations for America's record breaking performance in the current world economy, it is tempting to credit our bountiful natural resources and our diverse, hardworking population. But many other countries — and even our own ancestors — have enjoyed similar resources without producing an economic boom such as the United States achieved in the late 20th century. The credit for our recent success really goes to the powerful system we have generated to create new knowledge and develop it into technologies that drive our economy, guarantee our national security, and improve our health and quality of life.This book explores some of the remarkable, tangible benefits to our nation from the sustained funding of research and development (R&D). The President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) prepared this book in response to Vice President Gore's request. The Vice President called for a new compact between our scientific community and our government — one that would emphasize support for fundamental science and a shared responsibility to shape our breakthroughs into progress. The Vice President turned to PCAST for help in illuminating the benefits of our past and present investments in science and technology.The technologies covered here — those dealing with information, global positioning, biotechnology, food, the environment, and manufacturing — illustrate how much we have come to rely on technology and take it for granted in our everyday lives. But the marvels of today are really the fruits of research seeds planted decades ago — investments that have not only given us new technologies, but have also helped educate generations of engineers and scientists who now form an essential component of our modern workforce. The very fact that these advances required decades of investment stands as a warning against complacency in our future investment strategy. As the Vice President has noted, the government and the private sector must work together to ensure that today's investments in research and development are sufficient to yield similar payoffs to society in the 21st century. Close cooperation with our international partners is also crucial to the success of this venture, since scientific breakthroughs occur with no regard for national borders.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 40,22 MB
Release : 2015-07-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309373166

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Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach.