[PDF] Salt And The Eastern North American Indian eBook

Author : Ashley A. Dumas
Publisher : University Alabama Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 34,30 MB
Release : 2021-02-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0817320768

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Case studies examining the archaeological record of an overlooked mineral Salt, once a highly prized trade commodity essential for human survival, is often overlooked in research because it is invisible in the archaeological record. Salt in Eastern North America and the Caribbean: History and Archaeology brings salt back into archaeology, showing that it was valued as a dietary additive, had curative powers, and was a substance of political power and religious significance for Native Americans. Major salines were embedded in collective memories and oral traditions for thousands of years as places where physical and spiritual needs could be met. Ethnohistoric documents for many Indian cultures describe the uses of and taboos and other beliefs about salt. The volume is organized into two parts: Salt Histories and Salt in Society. Case studies from prehistory to post-Contact and from New York to Jamaica address what techniques were used to make salt, who was responsible for producing it, how it was used, the impact it had on settlement patterns and sociopolitical complexity, and how economies of salt changed after European contact. Noted salt archaeologist Heather McKillop provides commentary to conclude the volume. .

Author : Theda Perdue
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 39,88 MB
Release : 2010-08-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0199794324

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When Europeans first arrived in North America, between five and eight million indigenous people were already living there. But how did they come to be here? What were their agricultural, spiritual, and hunting practices? How did their societies evolve and what challenges do they face today? Eminent historians Theda Perdue and Michael Green begin by describing how nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers followed the bison and woolly mammoth over the Bering land mass between Asia and what is now Alaska between 25,000 and 15,000 years ago, settling throughout North America. They describe hunting practices among different tribes, how some made the gradual transition to more settled, agricultural ways of life, the role of kinship and cooperation in Native societies, their varied burial rites and spiritual practices, and many other features of Native American life. Throughout the book, Perdue and Green stress the great diversity of indigenous peoples in America, who spoke more than 400 different languages before the arrival of Europeans and whose ways of life varied according to the environments they settled in and adapted to so successfully. Most importantly, the authors stress how Native Americans have struggled to maintain their sovereignty--first with European powers and then with the United States--in order to retain their lands, govern themselves, support their people, and pursue practices that have made their lives meaningful. Going beyond the stereotypes that so often distort our views of Native Americans, this Very Short Introduction offers a historically accurate, deeply engaging, and often inspiring account of the wide array of Native peoples in America. About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam.

Author : Marius Alexianu
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 477 pages
File Size : 16,22 MB
Release : 2023-07-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1784914576

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The study of salt from an anthropological perspective provides a holistic view of its role in the evolution of human communities. Studies from around the world, ranging from prehistory to modern times, are here organized into 6 sections: theory, archaeology, history, ethnography/ ethnoarchaeology/ethnohistory, linguistics, and literature.

Author : Forrest Cuch
Publisher : Utah State Division of Indian Affairs
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 48,4 MB
Release : 2003-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780913738498

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This book is a joint project of the Utah Division of Indian Affairs and the Utah State Historical Society. It is distributed to the book trade by Utah State University Press. The valleys, mountains, and deserts of Utah have been home to native peoples for thousands of years. Like peoples around the word, Utah's native inhabitants organized themselves in family units, groups, bands, clans, and tribes. Today, six Indian tribes in Utah are recognized as official entities. They include the Northwestern Shoshone, the Goshutes, the Paiutes, the Utes, the White Mesa or Southern Utes, and the Navajos (Dineh). Each tribe has its own government. Tribe members are citizens of Utah and the United States; however, lines of distinction both within the tribes and with the greater society at large have not always been clear. Migration, interaction, war, trade, intermarriage, common threats, and challenges have made relationships and affiliations more fluid than might be expected. In this volume, the editor and authors endeavor to write the history of Utah's first residents from an Indian perspective. An introductory chapter provides an overview of Utah's American Indians and a concluding chapter summarizes the issues and concerns of contemporary Indians and their leaders. Chapters on each of the six tribes look at origin stories, religion, politics, education, folkways, family life, social activities, economic issues, and important events. They provide an introduction to the rich heritage of Utah's native peoples. This book includes chapters by David Begay, Dennis Defa, Clifford Duncan, Ronald Holt, Nancy Maryboy, Robert McPherson, Mae Parry, Gary Tom, and Mary Jane Yazzie. Forrest Cuch was born and raised on the Uintah and Ouray Ute Indian Reservation in northeastern Utah. He graduated from Westminster College in 1973 with a bachelor of arts degree in behavioral sciences. He served as education director for the Ute Indian Tribe from 1973 to 1988. From 1988 to 1994 he was employed by the Wampanoag Tribe in Gay Head, Massachusetts, first as a planner and then as tribal administrator. Since October 1997 he has been director of the Utah Division of Indian Affairs.

Author : William Engelbrecht
Publisher : Syracuse University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 41,83 MB
Release : 2005-09-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780815630609

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In a book that spans the Iroquoian culture from its ancient roots to its survival in the modern world, William Engelbrecht maintains that two themes pervade this development: warfare and spirituality. An investigation of oral tradition, archaeology, and historical records provides new insight into this now largely vanished world known as Iroquoia. Engelbrecht covers a wide geographic range, exploring regional and temporal differences in material culture and subsistence patterns. He finds change over time in the distribution and size of communities and in response to environmental demographic, and social factors. In addition, he furthers the controversial debate that "arrow sacrifice" and other beliefs spread from Mesoamerica with the dispersal of maize and horticulture. Although scholars have suggested that palisaded hilltop Iroquoian villages were constructed with an eye for defense, this book is unique in showing that the longhouse—known mainly as a community forum and spiritual place—may also have served as a defense structure. Throughout this work, which will become the new standard text to which scholars will refer, Engelbrecht reminds us that the the study of the Iroquoian people continues to enrich and inform the modern world.

Author : George Catlin
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 750 pages
File Size : 27,69 MB
Release : 2017-02-18
Category :
ISBN : 9781542900294

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This masterpiece was written by George Catlin between the years 1832 and 1839 as a collection of notes, letters and paintings which illustrate his travels throughout North America. His paintings comprised the first record to illustrate the Plains Indians and their homelands to the west of the Mississippi River. It wasn't until Catlin's work that allowed the American colonists of the eastern states to visualize and truly understand the conditions of the Pawnees, the Blackfeet and Crows, the Sioux and even the wild Comanches; learning the ways of native life and their customs. It still holds to this day a great anthropological value and information that brings a modern reader to understand how foreign colonization affected their culture and livelihood. Contains both Volume 1 & volume 2 and includes all Illustrations in Black & White Crows and Blackfeet---General character and appearance - Crow lodge or wigwam - Striking their tents and encampment moving - Mode of dressing and smoking skins - Crows - Beauty of their dresses - Horse-stealing or capturing Different languages, and numbers of the Blackfeet Knisteneaux-Assinneboins, and Ojibbeways - Ojibbeways - Chief and wife - Assinneboins a part of the Sioux - Wi-jun-jon (a chief) and wife - His visit to Washington Mode of depositing the dead on scaffold - Respect to the dead - Visiting the dead - Feeding the dead - Converse with the dead - Bones of the dead Costumes of the Mandans - High value set upon them - Made of war-eagles' quills and ermine - Head-dresses with horns - A Jewish custom - Portrait of Mah-to-toh-pa Polygamy - Reasons and excuses for it - Marriages, how contracted - Wives bought and sold - Paternal and filial affection-Virtue and modesty of women - Early marriages - Slavish lives and occupations of the Indian women - Pomme blanche - Dried meat - Caches - Modes of cooking, and times of eating - Attitudes in eating - Separation of males and females in eating - the Indians moderate eaters - Some exceptions - Curing meat in the sun, without smoke or salt - The wild Indians eat no salt Pohk-hong (the cutting or torturing scene) - Eh-ke-nah-ka-nah-pick (the last race) - Extraordinary instances of cruelty in self-torture - Ioways - Konzas - Mode of shaving the head - Pawnees - Small-pox amongst Pawnees - Major Dougherty's opinion of the Fur Trade - Ottoes, Omahas Fort Gibson, 1st regiment United States dragoons reviewed - Murder of Judge Martin and family Pawnee Picts, Kiowas, and Wicos. Suffering from impure water-sickness of the men - Death of General Leavenworth and Lieutenant M'Clure Kickapoos, portraits of - Weahs, portraits of - Potowatomics - Kaskaslas - Peorias Piankeshaws - Delawares - Moheconneus, or Mohegans - Oneidas - Tuskaroras - Senecas - Iroquois Shawanos - Shawnee prophet and his transactions - Cherokees - Creeks - Choctaws - Ball-play - A distinguished ball-player - Eagle dance - Tradition of the Deluge - Of a future state - Orion of the Crawfish band Coteau des Prairies - Ravages of small-pox - Mackinaw and Sault de St. Marys - Catching white fish - Canoe race - Voyage up the Fox river and down the Ouisconsin in bark canoe - Red Pipe Stone Quarry, on the Coteau des Prairies - Indian traditions relative to the Red Pipe Stone - The Author and his companion stopped by the Sioux, on their way, and objections raised by the Sioux Treaty with the Sacs and Foxes - Stipulations Fort Moultrie - Seminolees - Florida war - Prisoners of war - Osceola - Cloud, King Phillip - Co-ee-ha-jo - Creek Billy, Mickenopah - Death of Osceola - Probable origins of the Indians - Languages - Government - Cruelties and Punishments - Indian queries on white Religion - Picture writing, songs and totems - Policy of removing the indians - Trade and small-pox, the principal destroyers of the indian tribes - Murder of the Root Diggers and Ricarees - Concluding remarks Account of the destruction of the Mandans