[PDF] Rocks And Landforms eBook

Author : John Gerrard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 41,47 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401159831

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Geomorphology can be defined simply as the study of landforms. Landforms are the result of the interaction between what Ritter (1978) has called the driving and resisting forces. The driving forces or processes are the methods by which energy is exerted on earth materials and include both surface, geomorphological or exogenous processes and subsurface, geological or endogenous processes. The resisting forces are the surface materials with their inherent resistances determined by a complex combination of rock properties. Stated in these simple terms it would be expected that both sides of the equation be given equal weight in syntheses of landform evolution. However, this has not been the case. Until about the 1950s, geomorphology was mainly descriptive and concerned with producing time-dependent models of landscape evolution. Although the form of the land was the main focus, there was little detailed mention of process and scant attention to the properties of surface materials. There were, of course, exceptions. In the late 19th century G.K. Gilbert was stressing the equilibrium between landforms and processes. Many hydrologists were examining the detailed workings of river 'systems and drainage basins, culminating in the classic paper of Horton (1945).

Author : Charles Rowland Twidale
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 14,14 MB
Release : 2005-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439833704

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Granite is exposed over more than 15% of the continents, implying that its significance to the Earth’s surface is comparable to that of the carbonates. Landforms and Geology of Granite Terrains is devoted to this phenomenon and provides a comprehensive explanation of the landforms and landscapes developed on granitic rocks and forms. Whereas existing literature in the field predominantly deals with karst landscapes, this book is specifically focussed on granitic terrains. Landforms and Geology of Granite Terrains provides detailed considerations of the forms, major and minor, well-known and not so familiar granitic terrains, developed over large areas of the continents. It comprises interpretations which are of general significance in the analysis and understanding of the landscape and includes many theories in the context of granite landforms. The importance of structure, including crystal stresses, and the value of etching of subsurface initiation, multi-stages or two-stages development, neotectonic forms, solution forms is emphasized as well as the antiquity of some forms and surfaces (inherited forms). Morphogenetic forms are placed in perspective and comparison is made with similar forms in other rock types. This work is intended for geologists, geomorphologists, geographers and mining engineers and can serve both as a practical guide for professionals and as a textbook for university courses. Author, location and subject indices are included.

Author : C.R. Twidale
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 30,52 MB
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444597646

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Granite Landforms provides a systematic, coherent, and comprehensive account and analysis of granite landforms. It examines granite forms and their genesis; the morphology of granite exposures; the nature of the materials from which granitic rocks have evolved; and the weathering processes near the Earth’s surface. It also describes major landforms and assemblages, as well as the minor features that have evolved on the major hosts. Organized into four parts encompassing 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of granite, including their characteristics, occurrences, and composition. It then discusses the factors that influence the weathering of granitic rocks and considers boulders and inselbergs, the all-slopes topography in granite, granite plains and rock basins, granite forms associated with steep slopes, and scarp foot depressions. The reader is also introduced to the piedmont angle, grooves or flutings, caves and tafoni, split rocks, cracked blocks and plates, and the role of climate in the development of landforms on granitic outcrops. Geologists, geomorphologists, geology students, and anyone interested in geology will find this book extremely useful.

Author : Britannica Educational Publishing
Publisher : Britannica Educational Publishing
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 26,74 MB
Release : 2011-05-01
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 1615305823

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Anyone who has marveled at the glimmer of a perfectly cut diamond, tended a garden, or consumed a nutritious meal has appreciated some of the many roles that minerals play in our lives. Present in many natural substances, minerals are highly structured entities, each with a unique chemical composition and set of properties. Accompanied by detailed tables, diagrams, and sidebars, this informative volume examines the various types of minerals and their structures and classifications, as well as the physical and chemical attributes that separate one mineral from another.

Author : Lynn Van Gorp
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 31,55 MB
Release : 2007-09-21
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 1433390868

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Landforms are features on the earth's surface that are made naturally. Mountains, plains, and plateaus are all examples of landforms. The study of landforms is called geomorphology. Scientists can learn about the past and even predict future changes by studying landforms. Today we can take pictures of landforms from airplanes and satellites.

Author : Arthur R. Kruckeberg
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 33,15 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780295984520

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Before any other influences began to fashion life and its lavish diversity, geological events created the initial environments--both physical and chemical--for the evolutionary drama that followed. Drawing on case histories from around the world, Arthur Kruckeberg demonstrates the role of landforms and rock types in producing the unique geographical distributions of plants and in stimulating evolutionary diversification. His examples range throughout the rich and heterogeneous tapestry of the earth's surface: the dramatic variations of mountainous topography, the undulating ground and crevices of level limestone karst, and the subtle realm of sand dunes. He describes the ongoing evolutionary consequences of the geology-plant interface and the often underestimated role of geology in shaping climate. Kruckeberg explores the fundamental connection between plants and geology, including the historical roots of geobotany, the reciprocal relations between geology and other environmental influences, geomorphology and its connection with plant life, lithology as a potent selective agent for plants, and the physical and biological influences of soils. Special emphasis is given to the responses of plants to exceptional rock types and their soils--serpentines, limestones, and other azonal (exceptional) substrates. Edaphic ecology, especially of serpentines, has been his specialty for years. Kruckeberg's research fills a significant gap in the field of environmental science by connecting the conventionally separated disciplines of the physical and biological sciences. Geology and Plant Life is the result of more than forty years of research into the question of why certain plants grow on certain soils and certain terrain structures, and what happens when this relationship is disrupted by human agents. It will be useful to a wide spectrum of professionals in the natural sciences: plant ecologists, paleobiologists, climatologists, soil scientists, geologists, geographers, and conservation scientists, as well as serious amateurs in natural history.

Author : John Bridge
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,49 MB
Release : 2008-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521857805

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A unique, advanced textbook combining sedimentology and geomorphology in a comprehensive and integrated way.

Author : Jack Fleming
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 35,48 MB
Release : 2018-06-03
Category :
ISBN : 9781720746225

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GEOLOGY: Rocks, Minerals, and Landforms is written to have the reader develop a well rounded knowledge of geology. This book includes interesting facts and topics such as volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, deserts, glaciers, geologic discoveries, crystals, fossils, energy, a career path in geology, experiments, activities, geology merit badge requirements, and much more. This book is designed for all levels of interest, including parents, teachers, students, badge counselors, and hobby enthusiast. This is a great book for your library and a great reference source. This book contains many photographs, diagrams, and charts. Readers will enjoy this book as it will render the reader knowledgeable in various areas of geology.