[PDF] Resolving Erroneous Reports In Toxicology And Therapeutic Drug Monitoring eBook

Author : Amitava Dasgupta
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 24,9 MB
Release : 2012-07-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118347854

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The tools for detecting false positives, false negatives, and interference in interactions when testing and monitoring therapeutic drug use For physicians monitoring a patient's progress, efficacy of treatment is often linked to a patient's response to medication. Determining whether a patient is taking the prescribed amount, the drug or dosage is effective, or the prescribed medication is interacting with other drugs can be determined through drug testing. Written as a guide for toxicologists, chemists, and health professionals involved in patient care, Resolving Erroneous Reports in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring provides an up-to-date introduction to the tests and methodologies used in a toxicology lab as well as the sources of testing error that can lead to false positives, false negatives, and unreliable conclusions of drug abuse or under use. Covering a host of common therapeutic drugs as well as specific types of interference in immunoassays used in drug testing, the book details a number of possible testing scenarios and problems as well as solutions: False positive results in immunoassays for drugs in abuse testing Interferences in immunoassays used for monitoring anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, and digoxin False positive alcohol tests using breath analyzers and automated analyzers When a toxicology report is negative in a suspected overdose patient: the world of designer drugs Effects of drug-herb interactions on therapeutic drug monitoring Pharmacogenomics and the general principles of genetic analysis Approaches for eliminating interference/discordant specimen in therapeutic drug monitoring and drugs in abuse testing What to do in case there is no readily available method for testing Complete with easy-to-read tables and flowcharts, this book helps toxicologists, clinical chemists, clinical pathologists, and forensic pathologists develop accurate, unbiased drug monitoring and toxicology reports. Health care professionals involved in patient care, especially of critically ill patients, will find this guide indispensable in making sure lab tests are reliable enough to provide high-quality care. An indispensable handbook to the entire suite of toxicology lab tests, as well as all the possible sources of testing error, Resolving Erroneous Reports in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring offers clear remedies for eliminating and preventing testing error.

Author : Steve Gilbert
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 809 pages
File Size : 33,87 MB
Release : 2020-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0128216123

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This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology’s subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools. Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology’s presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field. The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children’s environmental health. Opens with an overview of the international toxicology scene, organizations and activities involved with both the science and regulatory framework, and a specific look at the European Union’s efforts Offers an extensive collection of chapters covering over 40 countries and their toxicological infrastructure which includes listings of major books and journals, organizations, professional societies, universities, poison control centers, legislation, and online databases Provides the Second Edition of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry’s Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology, a carefully constructed and peer reviewed collation of critical terms in the science Concludes with a potpourri of quotes concerning toxicology and their use in the arts and popular culture Paired with Volume One, which offers chapters on a host of toxicology sub-disciplines, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field

Author : Shilin Chen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1936 pages
File Size : 47,58 MB
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1118874986

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Plants and plant-derived compounds and drugs are becoming more and more popular with increasing numbers of scientists researching plant analysis. The quality control of herbal drugs is also becoming essential to avoid severe health problems, and in the future many more new drugs will be developed from plant sources. This three-volume Handbook, featuring 47 detailed review articles, is unique as it deals with chemical and biological methodologies for plant analysis. It presents the most important and most accurate methods which are available for plant analysis. This comprehensive work is divided into six sections as follows: Sample preparation and identification – discussing plant selection and collection, followed by extraction and sample preparation methodologies. Extraction and sample preparation methodologies Instrumentation for chemical analysis - several instrumentations for chemical plant analysis are presented with an emphasis on hyphenated techniques, e.g. the coupling between HPLC and mass spectroscometry, and HPLC with NMR. Strategies for selective classes of compounds – coverage of the most interesting classes of compounds such as polysaccharides, saponins, cardiotonic glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, volatile compounds and polyphenols ( flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, proanthocyanidins, etc.). Biological Analysis - includes phenotyping, DNA barcoding techniques, transcriptome analysis , microarray, metabolomics and proteomics. Drugs from Plants – covers the screening of plant extracts and strategies for the quick discovery of novel bioactive natural products. Safety assessment of herbal drugs is highly dependent on outstanding chromatographic and spectroscopic methods which are also featured here. This Handbook introduces to scientists involved in plant studies the current knowledge of methodologies in various fields of chemically- and biochemically-related topics in plant research. The content from this Handbook will publish online within the Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry via Wiley Online Library: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eac Benefit from the introductory offer, valid until 30 November 2014! Introductory price: £425.00 / $695.00 / €550.00 List price thereafter: £495.00 / $795.00 / €640.00

Author : Donald G. Barceloux
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1080 pages
File Size : 33,59 MB
Release : 2012-02-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118106059

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This book provides a broad reference covering important drugs of abuse including amphetamines, opiates, and steroids. It also covers psychoactive plants such as caffeine, peyote, and psilocybin. It provides chemical structures, analytical methods, clinical features, and treatments of these drugs of abuse, serving as a highly useful, in-depth supplement to a general medical toxicology book. The style allows for the easy application of the contents to searchable databases and other electronic products, making this an essential resource for practitioners in medical toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental organizations, pathology, and related fields.

Author : Robert J. Flanagan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 605 pages
File Size : 16,66 MB
Release : 2008-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470319348

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The analytical toxicologist may be required to detect, identify, and in many cases measure a wide variety of compounds in samples from almost any part of the body or in related materials such as residues in syringes or in soil. This book gives principles and practical information on the analysis of drugs and poisons in biological specimens, particularly clinical and forensic specimens. After providing some background information the book covers aspects of sample collection, transport, storage and disposal, and sample preparation. Analytical techniques - colour tests and spectrophotometry, chromatography and electro­phoresis, mass spectrometry, and immunoassay – are covered in depth, and a chapter is devoted to the analysis of trace elements and toxic metals. General aspects of method implementation/validation and laboratory operation are detailed, as is the role of the toxicology laboratory in validating and monitoring the performance of point of care testing (POCT) devices. The book concludes with reviews of xenobiotic absorption, distribution and metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and general aspects of the interpretation of analytical toxicology results. A clearly written, practical, integrated approach to the basics of analytical toxicology. Focuses on analytical, statistical and pharmacokinetic principles rather than detailed applications. Assumes only a basic knowledge of analytical chemistry. An accompanying website provides additional material and links to related sites. Written by an experienced team of authors,Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology is an invaluable resource for those starting out in a career in analytical toxicology across a wide range of disciplines including clinical and forensic science, food safety, and pharmaceutical development. Praise from the reviews: “This is an ambitious effort to describe in detail the many and varied aspects of the science of toxicological analysis. The 17 chapters cover every foreseeable aspect, from specimen collection through analytical techniques and quality control to pharmacological principles and interpretation of results. The authors bring together a great deal of experience in the field and have succeeded admirably in achieving their goal: "to give principles and practical information on the analysis of drugs, poisons and other relevant analytes in biological specimens...". The book is very readable and quite up-to-date, and contains many illustrative figures, charts and tables. Both the student and the practicing professional would do well to study this material carefully, as there is something here for every conceivable level of interest.” Review from Randall Baselt "This text comes highly recommended for any analytical toxicology trainee." The Bulletin of the Royal College of Pathologists “Overall, this book provides a comprehensive, thorough, clear, up to date and practical treatment of analytical toxicology at a high standard. Understanding of the text is enhanced by the use of many illustrations. Specifications, guidelines, and methods are highlighted in grey background “Boxes”. The many and up to date literature references in each chapter demonstrate the authors’ thorough work and permit easy access to deeper information. Therefore this book can be highly recommended as a valuable source of knowledge in analytical toxicology both as an introduction and for the advanced reader.” GTFCh Bulletin “Toxichem + Krimtech”, May 2008 (translated, original review in German) “Many toxicologists will add this important reference to their libraries because it competently fills a need ...” International Journal of Toxicology “The book is very well illustrated, easy to understand and pleasant to read, and contains a wealth of dedicated information.” International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 46,46 MB
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309164257

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Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Author : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 34,75 MB
Release : 2014-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1587634333

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This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Author : Alan H. B. Wu
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1856 pages
File Size : 28,34 MB
Release : 2006-06-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1437719872

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This new edition of Norbert Tietz's classic handbook presents information on common tests as well as rare and highly specialized tests and procedures - including a summary of the utility and merit of each test. Biological variables that may affect test results are discussed, and a focus is placed on reference ranges, diagnostic information, clinical interpretation of laboratory data, interferences, and specimen types. New and updated content has been added in all areas, with over 100 new tests added. Tests are divided into 8 main sections and arranged alphabetically. Each test includes necessary information such as test name (or disorder) and method, specimens and special requirements, reference ranges, chemical interferences and in vivo effects, kinetic values, diagnostic information, factors influencing drug disposition, and clinical comments and remarks. The most current and relevant tests are included; outdated tests have been eliminated. Test index (with extensive cross references) and disease index provide the reader with an easy way to find necessary information Four new sections in key areas (Preanalytical, Flow Cytometry, Pharmacogenomics, and Allergy) make this edition current and useful. New editor Alan Wu, who specializes in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, brings a wealth of experience and expertise to this edition. The Molecular Diagnostics section has been greatly expanded due to the increased prevalence of new molecular techniques being used in laboratories. References are now found after each test, rather than at the end of each section, for easier access.

Author : Gail Cooper
Publisher : Pharmaceutical Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 35,89 MB
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 0857110543

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This invaluable textbook, written by international experts, covers all the main elements of forensic toxicology and analytical toxicology techniques as well as the important parts of pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, and pharmacology in general, with a particular focus on drugs of abuse.

Author : Fred Smith
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 38,43 MB
Release : 2004-12-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 0080472893

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The Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis is a comprehensive chemical and analytic reference for the forensic analysis of illicit drugs. With chapters written by leading researchers in the field, the book provides in-depth, up-to-date methods and results of forensic drug analyses. This Handbook discusses various forms of the drug as well as the origin and nature of samples. It explains how to perform various tests, the use of best practices, and the analysis of results. Numerous forensic and chemical analytic techniques are covered including immunoassay, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Topics range from the use of immunoassay technologies for drugs-of-abuse testing, to methods of forensic analysis for cannabis, hallucinogens, cocaine, opioids, and amphetamine. The book also looks at synthetic methods and law enforcement concerns regarding the manufacture of illicit drugs, with an emphasis on clandestine methamphetamine production. This Handbook should serve as a widely used reference for forensic scientists, toxicologists, pharmacologists, drug companies, and professionals working in toxicology testing labs, libraries, and poison control centers. It may also be used by chemists, physicians and those in legal and regulatory professions, and students of graduate courses in forensic science. Contributed to by leading scientists from around the world The only analysis book dedicated to illicit drugs of abuse Comprehensive coverage of sampling methods and various forms of analysis