[PDF] Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring eBook

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher : Springer
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 35,3 MB
Release : 2016-03-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 3319300423

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Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education because of the way that it mimics mainstream schooling, has greatly expanded worldwide. It consumes considerable family resources, provides employment for tutors, occupies the time of students, and has a backwash on regular schools. Although such tutoring has become a major industry and a daily activity for students, tutors and families, the research literature has been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. The topic is in some respects difficult to research, precisely because it is shadowy. Contours are indistinct, and the actors may hesitate to share their experiences and perspectives. Presenting methodological lessons from diverse cultures, the book contains chapters from both high-income and low-income settings in Asia, Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East. Separately and together, the chapters present valuable insights into the design and conduct of research. The book will assist both consumers and producers of research. Consumers will become better judges of the strengths, weaknesses and orientations of literature on the theme; and producers will gain insights for design of instruments, collection of data, and interpretation of findings. The editors: Mark Bray is UNESCO Chair Professor in Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong. Ora Kwo is an Associate Professor in the Comparative Education Research Centre at the University of Hong Kong. Boris Jokić is a Scientific Associate in the Centre for Educational Research and Development at the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Croatia.

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 30,7 MB
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9290926597

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In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

Author : Junyan Liu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 23,2 MB
Release : 2023-05-29
Category : Education
ISBN : 981992202X

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This book combines the ideologies of parentocracy and consumer theory as theoretical lenses to view the private supplementary tutoring, also known as shadow education, with a focus on the demand at primary and lower secondary levels in China. It first explains parents’ motivations of seeking private tutoring and their decision-making dynamics, and then explores the evolving micro-level process of demand that has changed over time. It further investigates how demand for private tutoring varies across parental socioeconomic status. This book also discusses parents’ attitudes towards the Double Reduction policy and corresponding changes in their demand for tutoring. It concludes with some implications for regulating private tutoring and for improving school education. This book has pertinence in other countries as well as in China. Unpacking the demand for tutoring improves understanding of the global expansion and changing shapes of the phenomenon. Researchers, educational policy-makers, teachers, tutors, consultants, and other educational practitioners interested in the topic of private tutoring will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

Author : Kevin Wai Ho Yung
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 35,18 MB
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 3031268172

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This book focuses on private tutoring (sometimes also known as “shadow education”), an important but neglected topic in applied linguistics and language education research. Private tutoring has become a popular out-of-school learning activity worldwide. While its scope and definition are expanding, private tutoring commonly refers to the “paid service students used to supplement their learning of academic subjects at school outside school hours” (Yung, 2019). Around the world, English language is one of the most popularly enrolled subjects in private tutoring, including both English as a first language and English as an additional language (EAL). Despite its popularity and implications for theories, practices, and policies, research on English private tutoring is still in its infancy. This book aims to provide an international perspective on the interface between applied linguistics and comparative education and open up an agenda for discussion in theories, practices, and policies in English language teaching (ELT). It will be of interest to students, scholars, and policy-makers in these and related areas.

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher :
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 19,7 MB
Release : 2003
Category : Domestic education
ISBN : 9789280312409

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Analyzes government responses to private tutoring, with references to the cases of Mauritius, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea.

Author : Kin-Lun Ngan
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 15,62 MB
Release : 2017-01-26
Category :
ISBN : 9781361030684

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This dissertation, "Publicly-funded Private Supplementary Tutoring: a Multiple-case Study of Hong Kong's After-school Learning Support Partnership Pilot Scheme" by Kin-lun, Ngan, 顏健麟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Private tutoring for primary and secondary students has always operated in a fee-charging mode. In order to allow students from low-income families to enjoy the potential benefit of private tutoring, the Hong Kong SAR government launched the "After School Learning Support Partnership Pilot Scheme" in 2011. The nature of tutoring is always dependent on the context. The Pilot Scheme created a new context for tutoring activity in Hong Kong. The government funded local primary schools to employ pre-service teachers as tutors. The tutors were employed to work under the authority of the schools, who held control over curriculum design and the administration of tutorial classes. This study compares the experience of eight tutors through the use of a questionnaire and interview. It was found that there were two major types of after-school classes in the Pilot Scheme -focused on either subject teaching or homework guidance. A tutor may had different roles in different classes, and these were mainly shaped by schools' arrangements and student factors. This study examines that the power relations among schools and tutors were not simply a matter of oppressor and oppressed. The relationship of power involved a series of strategies and factors. Overall, this study provided insight on the operation of this publicly-funded after-school program. Subjects: Tutors and tutoring - China - Hong Kong

Author : Wei Zhang
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 17,55 MB
Release : 2023
Category : Comparative education
ISBN : 9781032331560

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"Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance"--

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 20,86 MB
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9462092370

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Private tutoring—supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups—represents a substantial household expenditure, even in systems that claim to have free public education. It plays out across, alongside, and even within some school systems. Emerging as a ‘shadow education’, private tutoring now operates as a system and industry crossing national, regional, and social-class boundaries. Private tutoring is provided through different modes of delivery including the internet. Policy makers, parents, teachers, trade unions, corporations, community associations, and students are implicated in the private tutoring industry. The debates over private tutoring are therefore part of the larger struggles over the ends of education in just and equitable societies. The authors in this volume address diverse national settings of private tutoring across the Mediterranean, and examine its political, economic, social, and cultural underpinnings. They draw on a range of conceptual frameworks, and deploy a variety of research methods to problematize the multifaceted relationships between tutoring, learning, and equity. The volume captures a multiplicity of voices, and focuses on some of the central challenges facing education in pluralistic societies

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 41,62 MB
Release : 2022-08-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 1000685357

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This volume offers insights into the role of private supplementary tutoring in the Middle East, and its far-reaching implications for social structures and mainstream education. Around the world, increasing numbers of children receive private tutoring to supplement their schooling. In much of the academic literature this is called shadow education because the content of tutoring commonly mimics that of schooling: as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadow. While much research and policy attention has focused on private tutoring in East Asia and some other world regions, less attention has been given to the topic in the Middle East. Drawing on both Arabic-language and English-language literature, this study commences with the global picture before comparing patterns within and among 12 Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle East. It presents the educational and cultural commonalities amongst these countries, examines the drivers of demand and supply of shadow education, and considers the dynamics of tutoring and how it impacts on education in schools. In addition to its pertinence within the Middle East itself, the book will be of considerable interest to academics and education policy makers broadly concerned with changing roles of the state and private sectors in education. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.