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Author : Jeffrey W. Holmes
Publisher :
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 17,30 MB
Release : 1995
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Darlene L. Hunt
Publisher :
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 37,15 MB
Release : 2009
Category :
ISBN :
Acute survival and chronic healing after myocardial infarction (MI) depend on a myriad of processes that begin within hours of the injury and can continue in the form of remodeling even years thereafter. The myocardium has very little self-renewal capability, and tissue lost to MI is replaced with a collagenous scar. There are currently no clinical therapies that directly target myocardial healing, due in part to the pleiotropic effects and redundancy of signaling factors released after injury. In addition, some processes such as the inflammatory response are required for acute healing to proceed, but can also precipitate chronic deleterious remodeling and heart failure. A better understanding of the contributors to myocardial healing in both the acute and chronic phases is crucial in the search for clinical therapies that will improve the heart's response to MI injury. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms of post-MI healing by studying two murine models of altered myocardial wound repair. We first studied infarct scar formation in mice lacking a proteoglycan with a role in collagen fibril assembly, and found that this deficiency altered infarct scar structure and mechanical properties compared to controls. Next, we investigated acute and chronic healing in a strain capable of myocardial regeneration after cryoprobe injury. Our results showed that this strain survives the acute phase and heals in the chronic phase post-MI better than a control strain, and that these differences could be attributed to reduced acute apoptosis and inflammation. The results presented here provide new insight into the mechanisms of post-MI survival and healing, and will be useful for future studies designed to improve mammalian cardiac repair.
Author : Aldo R. Boccaccini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 26,75 MB
Release : 2011-08-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3642180566
Myocardial tissue engineering (MTE), a concept that intends to prolong patients’ life after cardiac damage by supporting or restoring heart function, is continuously improving. Common MTE strategies include an engineered ‘vehicle’, which may be a porous scaffold or a dense substrate or patch, made of either natural or synthetic polymeric materials. The function of the substrate is to aid transportation of cells into the diseased region of the heart and support their integration. This book, which contains chapters written by leading experts in MTE, gives a complete analysis of the area and presents the latest advances in the field. The chapters cover all relevant aspects of MTE strategies, including cell sources, specific TE techniques and biomaterials used. Many different cell types have been suggested for cell therapy in the framework of MTE, including autologous bone marrow-derived or cardiac progenitors, as well as embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, each having their particular advantages and disadvantages. The book covers a complete range of biomaterials, examining different aspects of their application in MTE, such as biocompatibility with cardiac cells, mechanical capability and compatibility with the mechanical properties of the native myocardium as well as degradation behaviour in vivo and in vitro. Although a great deal of research is being carried out in the field, this book also addresses many questions that still remain unanswered and highlights those areas in which further research efforts are required. The book will also give an insight into clinical trials and possible novel cell sources for cell therapy in MTE.
Author : Andrew Voorhees
Publisher :
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 44,97 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN : 9781321475173
Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardial tissue of the heart become blocked, triggering a dynamic wound healing response and eventually leading to the formation of a collagen rich scar tissue. The properties of the collagen network that forms dictate the mechanical behavior of the infarct tissue, which in turn alters the pumping function of the left ventricle (LV). However, little is known about how variations in the collagen network alter the function of the LV and contribute to differences in patient outcome. The goal of this dissertation is to clarify the mechanisms by which variation in the structural properties of the collagen network affect the mechanical properties of the infarct tissue and the pumping function of the LV through both computational and experimental approaches. The computational approach identified that a longitudinal alignment of collagen fibers in the infarct region is able to both maximize distension of the LV during diastolic filling and the contractile force generated by the healthy regions of the LV through the Frank-Starling mechanism. The experimental approach revealed a novel mechanism to reduce LV dilation by facilitating the assembly and cross-linking of collagen fibers through deletion of the gene for matrix metalloproteinase-9. This was the first study to quantify infarct mechanical properties in mice. This work opens up new areas for potential research and the findings may lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.
Author : Gregory M. Fomovsky
Publisher :
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 33,68 MB
Release : 2010
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Author : Ghassan S. Kassab
Publisher : Springer
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 35,90 MB
Release : 2016-01-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 1489976302
This book portrays the commonality of tissue micro-structure that dictates physiological function in various organs (microstructure-function relation). Tissue and organ models are used to illustrate physiological functions based on microstructure. Fiber scale properties such as orientation and crimp are described in detail. Structurally-based constitutive models are given throughout the book, not only to avoid ambiguities in material characterization, but also to offer insights into the function, structure, and mechanics of tissue components. A statement of future directions of the field is also given, including how advancements, such as state-of-the-art computational modeling and optical measurements of tissue/cells structures, are taking structure-based modeling to the next level. This book also: Provides a comprehensive view of tissue modeling across multiple systems Broadens readers’ understanding of state-of-the-art computational modeling and optical measurements of tissue/cells structures Describes in detail fiber scale properties such as orientation and crimp
Author : Ren-Ke Li
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 40,35 MB
Release : 2014-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 0857096702
Cardiac Regeneration and Repair, Volume One reviews the pathology of cardiac injury and the latest advances in cell therapy. Chapters in part one explore the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure, the mechanisms responsible for adverse cardiac matrix remodeling, and potential interventions to restore ventricular function. Part two highlights new approaches to cell therapy for cardiac regeneration, and includes chapters covering alternative routes of cell delivery, monitoring cell engraftment, and the feasibility of using allogeneic stem cells to restore cardiac function. Chapters in part three move on to highlight novel stem cells for cardiac repair, including human embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent stem cells, and detail their current status and future potential for cardiac therapy. Finally, part four explores gene therapy, and includes ultrasound-targeted or direct gene delivery as well as cell-based gene therapy for cardiac regeneration. Cardiac Regeneration and Repair, Volume One is complemented by a second volume covering biomaterials and tissue engineering. Together, the two volumes of Cardiac Regeneration and Repair provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians, scientists, or academicians fascinated with cardiac regeneration, including those interested in cell therapy, tissue engineering, or biomaterials. Explores the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure, the mechanisms responsible for adverse cardiac matrix remodeling, and potential interventions to restore ventricular function Highlights new approaches to cell therapy for cardiac regeneration and includes chapters covering alternative routes of cell delivery, monitoring cell engraftment, and the feasibility of using allogeneic stem cells to restore cardiac function Explores gene therapy and includes ultrasound-targeted or direct gene delivery as well as cell-based gene therapy for cardiac regeneration
Author : Sudhakar K. Venkatesh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 37,82 MB
Release : 2014-10-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493915754
The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.
Author : Gerhard A. Holzapfel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 36,76 MB
Release : 2016-09-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319414755
The book presents a state-of-the-art overview of biomechanical and mechanobiological modeling and simulation of soft biological tissues. Seven well-known scientists working in that particular field discuss topics such as biomolecules, networks and cells as well as failure, multi-scale, agent-based, bio-chemo-mechanical and finite element models appropriate for computational analysis. Applications include arteries, the heart, vascular stents and valve implants as well as adipose, brain, collagenous and engineered tissues. The mechanics of the whole cell and sub-cellular components as well as the extracellular matrix structure and mechanotransduction are described. In particular, the formation and remodeling of stress fibers, cytoskeletal contractility, cell adhesion and the mechanical regulation of fibroblast migration in healing myocardial infarcts are discussed. The essential ingredients of continuum mechanics are provided. Constitutive models of fiber-reinforced materials with an emphasis on arterial walls and the myocardium are discussed and the important influence of residual stresses on material response emphasized. The mechanics and function of the heart, the brain and adipose tissues are discussed as well. Particular attention is focused on microstructural and multi-scale modeling, finite element implementation and simulation of cells and tissues.
Author : Dimitris N. Metaxas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 28,91 MB
Release : 2011-05-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3642210279
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, held in New York City, NY, USA in May 2011. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 29 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from about 120 initial submissions. The contributions feature current research and development efforts in the fields of cardiovascular modeling, physiology, and image-based analysis, at a range of scales and imaging methods. Topics addresses are such as imaging, signal and image processing, applied mathematics, biomedical engineering and computer science; biologically oriented fields such as cardiac physiology and biology; as well as clinical issues such as cardiology, radiology and surgery, with a common interest in the heart.