[PDF] Racial Differentials In Infant Mortality In The Us eBook

Author : National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). Division of Vital Statistics
Publisher :
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 36,14 MB
Release : 1965
Category : Homicide
ISBN :

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A report on infant, fetal, and maternal deaths, with special reference to differential mortality by race, sex, and region, causes of death, and trends in infant and maternal mortality.

Author : Isaac W. Eberstein
Publisher :
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 12,5 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Infants
ISBN :

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Abstract: This paper addresses racial/ethnic differentials in infant mortality in the US. The primary purpose of the paper is not to document these differentials, which are well known, but to review a series of risk factors in the context of a broader frame of reference which might be useful in understanding why these differentials persist. Following a description of current differentials, overall and specific to birthweight, literature concerning a range of risk factors is reviewed and illustrative data are provided. Risk factors are grouped into three categories: the social context of particular minorities, individual social and economic background characteristics, and particular medical and health circumstances immediately affecting infant health and survival. In the process of considering each mortality determinant, particular social, cultural, and biological hypotheses for racial/ethnic infant mortality differentials are examined where applicable. The conclusion of the review is that increased attention is necessary to the unique historical, cultural, and socioeconomic characteristics of minority groups in order to understand the relationships between specific risk factors and infant survival.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 31,3 MB
Release : 2004-10-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309092116

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In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 38,75 MB
Release : 1999-11-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309065453

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Immigrant children and youth are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. Children of Immigrants represents some of the very best and most extensive research efforts to date on the circumstances, health, and development of children in immigrant families and the delivery of health and social services to these children and their families. This book presents new, detailed analyses of more than a dozen existing datasets that constitute a large share of the national system for monitoring the health and well-being of the U.S. population. Prior to these new analyses, few of these datasets had been used to assess the circumstances of children in immigrant families. The analyses enormously expand the available knowledge about the physical and mental health status and risk behaviors, educational experiences and outcomes, and socioeconomic and demographic circumstances of first- and second-generation immigrant children, compared with children with U.S.-born parents.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 24,95 MB
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309452961

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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 781 pages
File Size : 45,65 MB
Release : 2009-02-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 030908265X

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Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.