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Author : Donald A. Hicks
Publisher :
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 10,7 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Community development
ISBN :
Author : David F. Penson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 31,70 MB
Release : 2007-11-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1597452300
With his keen analytical mind and penchant for organization, Charles Darwin would have made an excellent clinical investigator. Unfortunately for surgery, his early exposure at Edinburgh to the brutality of operations in 1825 convinced him to reject his father’s plan for his career and pursue his interest in nature. His subsequent observations of how environmental pressures shaped the development of new species provided the essential mechanism to explain evolution and the disappearance of those species that failed to adapt. Today, surgeons face the same reality as new technology, progressive regulation by government and payers, medico-legal risks, and public demands for proof of performance force changes in behavior that our predecessors never imagined. We know that surgeons have always prided themselves on accurate documentation of their results, including their complications and deaths, but observational studies involving a single surgeon or institution have given way to demands for controlled interventional trials despite the inherent difficulty of studying surgical patients by randomized, blinded techniques. That is why this book is so timely and important. In a logical and comprehensive approach, the authors have assembled a group of experienced clinical scientists who can demonstrate the rich variety of techniques in epidemiology and statistics for reviewing existing publications, structuring a clinical study, and analyzing the resulting data.
Author : Bruce A. Thyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 47,19 MB
Release : 2012-02-16
Category : Reference
ISBN : 0195387384
The role of group research designs to evaluate social work practice -- Pre-experimental group research designs -- Quasi-experimental group research designs -- Time-series research designs -- Evaluating and reporting quasi-experimental studies.
Author : Donald T. Campbell
Publisher : Ravenio Books
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 36,90 MB
Release : 2015-09-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN :
We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control.
Author : Charles S. Reichardt
Publisher : Guilford Publications
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 41,14 MB
Release : 2019-09-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1462540201
Featuring engaging examples from diverse disciplines, this book explains how to use modern approaches to quasi-experimentation to derive credible estimates of treatment effects under the demanding constraints of field settings. Foremost expert Charles S. Reichardt provides an in-depth examination of the design and statistical analysis of pretest-posttest, nonequivalent groups, regression discontinuity, and interrupted time-series designs. He details their relative strengths and weaknesses and offers practical advice about their use. Reichardt compares quasi-experiments to randomized experiments and discusses when and why the former might be a better choice. Modern moethods for elaborating a research design to remove bias from estimates of treatment effects are described, as are tactics for dealing with missing data and noncompliance with treatment assignment. Throughout, mathematical equations are translated into words to enhance accessibility.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 28,85 MB
Release : 2018-08-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309476097
The increasing diversity of population of the United States presents many challenges to conducting health research that is representative and informative. Dispersion and accessibility issues can increase logistical costs; populations for which it is difficult to obtain adequate sample size are also likely to be expensive to study. Hence, even if it is technically feasible to study a small population, it may not be easy to obtain the funding to do so. In order to address the issues associated with improving health research of small populations, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in January 2018. Participants considered ways of addressing the challenges of conducting epidemiological studies or intervention research with small population groups, including alternative study designs, innovative methodologies for data collection, and innovative statistical techniques for analysis.
Author : William R. Shadish
Publisher : Cengage Learning
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 37,28 MB
Release : 2002
Category : Education
ISBN :
Sections include: experiments and generalised causal inference; statistical conclusion validity and internal validity; construct validity and external validity; quasi-experimental designs that either lack a control group or lack pretest observations on the outcome; quasi-experimental designs that use both control groups and pretests; quasi-experiments: interrupted time-series designs; regresssion discontinuity designs; randomised experiments: rationale, designs, and conditions conducive to doing them; practical problems 1: ethics, participation recruitment and random assignment; practical problems 2: treatment implementation and attrition; generalised causal inference: a grounded theory; generalised causal inference: methods for single studies; generalised causal inference: methods for multiple studies; a critical assessment of our assumptions.
Author : Thomas D. Cook
Publisher :
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 41,72 MB
Release : 1979
Category : Education
ISBN :
This book presents some quasi-experimental designs and design features that can be used in many social research settings. The designs serve to probe causal hypotheses about a wide variety of substantive issues in both basic and applied research. Each design is assessed in terms of four types of validity, with special stress on internal validity. Although general conclusions are drawn about the strengths and limitations of each design, emphasis is also placed on the fact that the relevant threats to valid inference are specific to each research setting. Consequently, a threat that is usually associated with a particular design need not invariably be associated with that design.
Author : Jason W. Osborne
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 10,47 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1412940656
The contributors to Best Practices in Quantitative Methods envision quantitative methods in the 21st century, identify the best practices, and, where possible, demonstrate the superiority of their recommendations empirically. Editor Jason W. Osborne designed this book with the goal of providing readers with the most effective, evidence-based, modern quantitative methods and quantitative data analysis across the social and behavioral sciences. The text is divided into five main sections covering select best practices in Measurement, Research Design, Basics of Data Analysis, Quantitative Methods, and Advanced Quantitative Methods. Each chapter contains a current and expansive review of the literature, a case for best practices in terms of method, outcomes, inferences, etc., and broad-ranging examples along with any empirical evidence to show why certain techniques are better. Key Features: Describes important implicit knowledge to readers: The chapters in this volume explain the important details of seemingly mundane aspects of quantitative research, making them accessible to readers and demonstrating why it is important to pay attention to these details. Compares and contrasts analytic techniques: The book examines instances where there are multiple options for doing things, and make recommendations as to what is the "best" choice—or choices, as what is best often depends on the circumstances. Offers new procedures to update and explicate traditional techniques: The featured scholars present and explain new options for data analysis, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the new procedures in depth, describing how to perform them, and demonstrating their use. Intended Audience: Representing the vanguard of research methods for the 21st century, this book is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers who want a comprehensive, authoritative resource for practical and sound advice from leading experts in quantitative methods.
Author : Charles S. Reichardt
Publisher : Guilford Publications
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 43,6 MB
Release : 2019-07-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1462540244
Featuring engaging examples from diverse disciplines, this book explains how to use modern approaches to quasi-experimentation to derive credible estimates of treatment effects under the demanding constraints of field settings. Foremost expert Charles S. Reichardt provides an in-depth examination of the design and statistical analysis of pretest–posttest, nonequivalent groups, regression discontinuity, and interrupted time-series designs. He details their relative strengths and weaknesses and offers practical advice about their use. Comparing quasi-experiments to randomized experiments, Reichardt discusses when and why the former might be a better choice than the latter in the face of the contingencies that are likely to arise in practice. Modern methods for elaborating a research design to remove bias from estimates of treatment effects are described, as are tactics for dealing with missing data and noncompliance with treatment assignment. Throughout, mathematical equations are translated into words to enhance accessibility. Adding to its discussion of prototypical quasi-experiments, the book also provides a complete typology of quasi-experimental design options to help the reader craft the best research design to fit the circumstances of a given study.