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A major new history of the Cold War that explores the conflict through the minds of the people who lived through it. More than any other conflict, the Cold War was fought on the battlefield of the human mind. And, nearly thirty years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, its legacy still endures—not only in our politics, but in our own thoughts and fears. Drawing on a vast array of untapped archives and unseen sources, Martin Sixsmith vividly recreates the tensions and paranoia of the Cold War, framing it for the first time from a psychological perspective. Revisiting towering, unique personalities like Khrushchev, Kennedy, and Nixon, as well as the lives of the unknown millions who were caught up in the conflict, this is a gripping narrative of the paranoia of the Cold War—and in today's uncertain times, this story is more resonant than ever.
Can a Baby Be an Enemy? Our world is in a deep, prolonged crisis. The threat of global nuclear war, the chronic condition of local wars, the imperilled environment, and mass star vation are among the major forms this crisis takes. The dangers of massive overkill, overexploitation of the environment, and overpopulation are well known, but surprisingly little has been said about their potential interac tions, their bearing upon each other. If there were to be a nuclear confronta tion between today's superpowers, it might not take place in today's world, but in a far less friendly habitat, such as the world may be some decades hence. And it need hardly be added that the era of this particular super power configuration may be waning rapidly, its place to be taken by other international arrangements not necessarily less threatening. To understand and cope with our situation we need correspondingly serious reflection. This volume forms a welcome part of that process. Un avoidably, a large part of our thinking about the issues of human survival must be oriented to physical and biological aspects of the total danger. But it has not escaped the authors of this book that, coupled with these aspects, there are profound psychological dangers, such as loss of the sense of futu rity, moral deterioration, and a fatalistic decline in the will to struggle to protect our home, the Earth.
Ian Dunbar was born in Margate, England, in 1936 and educated at Gillingham Grammar School and Aberdeen University. He graduated M.B.Ch.B. in 1961. His clinical interest was in the problems of general medical practice. Investigations took him first to Canada where he practiced in Regina and later to the Distant Early Warning Line in the Arctic. In effect, this was the military front line of the Cold War. After returning to Britain in December 1965 he became a partner in an NHS practice in West London where he witnessed the ferment of the 'swinging sixties'. He later moved to Kent but retired from active clinical practice in 1973 because of the increasing erosion of clinical freedom brought about by the 1969 Health Service reforms. In 1974 he worked on a Middle East oil field becoming acquainted not only with Palestinian refugees but also the clash of Western and Muslim cultures. As an amateur anthropologist, he explored several of the subcultures in contemporary society and in 1976 spent a month in Brazil visiting Sao Paulo, Goiania and Brasilia. An interest in the psychotoxicity of drugs led to his most important discovery. Political abuse of the subtle side-effects of cannabis and the contraceptive pill were being deployed to promote intellectual Socialism and bring about the collapse of capitalism. This created an unrecognised psychological aspect to the Cold War. This monograph outlines how it was done.
A provocative and eye-opening study of the essential role the US military and the Central Intelligence Agency played in the advancement of communication studies during the Cold War era, now with a new introduction by Robert W. McChesney and a new preface by the author Since the mid-twentieth century, the great advances in our knowledge about the most effective methods of mass communication and persuasion have been visible in a wide range of professional fields, including journalism, marketing, public relations, interrogation, and public opinion studies. However, the birth of the modern science of mass communication had surprising and somewhat troubling midwives: the military and covert intelligence arms of the US government. In this fascinating study, author Christopher Simpson uses long-classified documents from the Pentagon, the CIA, and other national security agencies to demonstrate how this seemingly benign social science grew directly out of secret government-funded research into psychological warfare. It reveals that many of the most respected pioneers in the field of communication science were knowingly complicit in America’s Cold War efforts, regardless of their personal politics or individual moralities, and that their findings on mass communication were eventually employed for the purposes of propaganda, subversion, intimidation, and counterinsurgency. An important, thought-provoking work, Science of Coercion shines a blazing light into a hitherto remote and shadowy corner of Cold War history.
This book is the product of experience rather than research, of consultation rather than reading. It is based on my five years of work, both as civilian expert and as Army officer, in American psychological warfare facilities—at every level from the Joint and Combined Chiefs of Staff planning phase down to the preparing of spot leaflets for the American forces in China. (Paul M. A. Linebarger, Psychological Warfare) Contents: DEFINITION AND HISTORY: Historic Examples of Psychological Warfare The Function of Psychological Warfare Definition of Psychological Warfare The Limitations of Psychological Warfare Psychological Warfare In World War I Psychological Warfare In World War II ANALYSIS, INTELLIGENCE, AND ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION: Propaganda Analysis Propaganda Intelligence Estimate of the Situation PLANNING AND OPERATIONS: Organization for Psychological Warfare Plans and Planning Operations for Civilians Operations Against Troops PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AFTER WORLD WAR II The "Cold War" and Seven Small Wars Strategic International Information Operations Research, Development and the Future Military PsyWar Operations, 1950-53
Author : Mervyn Edwin Roberts III Publisher : University Press of Kansas Page : 428 pages File Size : 34,37 MB Release : 2018-02-28 Category : History ISBN : 0700625836
The Psychological War for Vietnam, 1960–1968, for the first time fully explores the most sustained, intensive use of psychological operations (PSYOP) in American history. In PSYOP, US military personnel use a variety of tactics—mostly audio and visual messages—to influence individuals and groups to behave in ways that favor US objectives. Informed by the author’s firsthand experience of such operations elsewhere, this account of the battle for “hearts and minds” in Vietnam offers rare insight into the art and science of propaganda as a military tool in the twentieth century. The Psychological War for Vietnam, 1960–1968, focuses on the creation, capabilities, and performance of the forces that conducted PSYOP in Vietnam, including the Joint US Public Affairs Office and the 4th PSYOP Group. In his comprehensive account, Mervyn Edwin Roberts III covers psychological operations across the entire theater, by all involved US agencies. His book reveals the complex interplay of these activities within the wider context of Vietnam and the Cold War propaganda battle being fought by the United States at the same time. Because PSYOP never occurs in a vacuum, Roberts considers the shifting influence of alternative sources of information—especially from the governments of North and South Vietnam, but also from Australia, Korea, and the Philippines. The Psychological War for Vietnam, 1960–1968, also addresses the development of PSYOP doctrine and training in the period prior to the introduction of ground combat forces in 1965 and, finally, shows how the course of the war itself forced changes to this doctrine. The scope of the book allows for a unique measurement of the effectiveness of psychological operations over time.
This book evolved from a panel entitled "Psychological Operations: East and West", presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Section on Military Studies, at the Naval Postgraduate School in the Fall of 1983. The panel focused on the use of propaganda as an instrument of foreign policy by the Soviet Union and its alli
This study chronicles the rise of psychology as a tool for social analysis during the Cold War Era and the concept of the open mind in American culture. In the years following World War II, a scientific vision of the rational, creative, and autonomous self took hold as an essential way of understanding society. In The Open Mind, science historian Jamie Cohen-Cole demonstrates how this notion of the self became a defining feature of Cold War culture. From 1945 to 1965, policy makers used this new concept of human nature to advance a centrist political agenda and instigate nationwide educational reforms that promoted more open, and indeed more human, minds. The new field of cognitive science was central to this project, helping to overthrow the behaviorist view that the mind either did not exist or could not be studied scientifically. While the concept of the open mind initially unified American culture, this unity started to fracture between 1965 and 1975, as the ties between political centrism and the scientific account of human nature began to unravel. During the late 1960s, feminists and the New Left repurposed psychological tools to redefine open-mindedness as a characteristic of left-wing politics. As a result, once-liberal intellectuals became neoconservative, and in the early 1970s, struggles against open-mindedness gave energy and purpose to the right wing.
In The Sacred Cow, Elvira Reiner, warns about harmful effects of the psychological services which have become pervasive in our society. Psychological testing and screening were developed and employed during WW II, in some cases used as a weapon of war. The war has long been over, but the testing is still around. The demand for such psychological services has persisted and grown tremendously in civilian society. But, testing to see if minds are vulnerable makes no more sense than testing fine china to see if it is breakable; we know it is. Psychological test stimuli act on the psyche engendering destructive impulses. Unconscious phenomena, present in everyone, can be surfaced with testing. when excessive stimuli are introduced into the domain of mental life. Disturbances that psychologists claim to have found through testing could be describing conditions left there by the testing. The unwitting test subjects must then contend with the resulting symptoms for much longer than if or when those symptoms might have surfaced on their own in later life. Injury done to the mind cannot be seen, but harmful effects show up in the thinking and activities of the harmed individuals - e.g. psychologically over-stimulated children who later turn to drug abuse. Of particular concern is that psychologists experiment on the minds of children in the name of studying child development and other mental health services. But, experimenting on children is like a sporting event between two unequal partners. There is a law against child abuse, but the child knows no better than the parents, teachers, judges, or others that it is being abused. To whom could the child complain even if the abuse were recognized. And how could the child's complaint stand up to the explanations of the psychologists?