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Author : Katharina Eck
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 22,92 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Stephan Huber
Publisher : Springer
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 16,31 MB
Release : 2018-04-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3319760939
National economies are linked through flows of capital and goods. This book addresses those linkages, analyzes their benefits for economic development, and evaluates a country’s opportunities to reap the best possible rewards by influencing the linkages. The book focuses on the role of product characteristics in international economics and their impact on economic development. After an introduction to the topic, it analyzes the influence of product sophistication on growth, and offers alternative means of measuring product characteristics. In turn, the book provides evidence for the impact of foreign equity on the characteristics of the products that firms produce. Moreover, it presents empirical findings that prove that the quality of a country's legal and institutional framework is influenced by said country’s predisposition to trade rule-of-law-intensive goods.
Author : Bjørn Bo Sørensen
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 21,82 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN : 9789292567606
Countries' economic complexity, and the associated diversification and sophistication of their exports, is a key determinant of economic growth. Understanding how South African firms learn to export more sophisticated products is, therefore, an important policy issue. Using administrative data covering the entire tax-paying population of firms in South Africa, we argue that foreign direct investment can stimulate export upgrading in manufacturing firms. We find that the level of sophistication of the most complex product exported by local firms increases in tandem with the presence of multinational enterprises located in upstream, supplying sectors within the same province. The study is the first within the associated literature to (i) provide firm-level evidence of export upgrading induced by foreign direct investment in Africa, (ii) employ the fitness algorithm to measure export complexity, and (iii) detect spillover effects from foreign direct investment materializing at the top line of domestic firms' export basket.
Author : Yannick Koniezny
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 13,69 MB
Release : 2019-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3346083675
Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine", language: English, abstract: In the wake of globalization, the importance of Foreign Direct Investments (henceforth FDI) has strongly increased. From 1990 to 2017 the amount of FDI inflows in the world has increased sevenfold. Most FDI expenditures flow between industrialized countries. But also developing countries show a strong increase in FDI inflows. Especially China became attractive for FDIs in the past years after reducing FDI restrictions. In the year 1978, before substantial reforms, almost no FDIs were made in China. 39 years later, in 2017, approximately 9.5% of the worldwide FDIs were conducted in China. In the same period, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of China has increased fifty-six-fold. At the same time, the export ratio of China has increased from approximately 4.5 % to 19.8 %. These developments suggest that FDI may have a positive influence on economic growth and thus on firms' growth in developing countries. Therefore, governments of developing countries try to attract their country and companies for FDI by granting tax holidays or other benefits in the hope that the domestic economy can benefit from positive FDI spillovers. Companies have various reasons to make an investment in a foreign country e.g. lower wages, new market access, better resources, etc. All those motives are linked to the superior objective of profit maximization. According to John H. Dunning’s "Eclectic paradigm", there are three conditions which must be fulfilled so that companies make an investment in a foreign country. First, the ownership advantage which means that a company must have an exclusive competitive advantage over competitors in the foreign market. Second, the location advantage which means that a company must benefit from the differences between home and host countries for example through lower wages or factor costs and third, the internalization advantage which means that a company must exploit its specific competitive advantages itself and not sell them to existing companies, e.g. in the form of licenses.
Author : Kamal Saggi, Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 18,51 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Capitalists and financiers
ISBN :
"Javorcik, Saggi, and Spatareanu use a firm-level panel data set from Romania to examine whether the nationality of foreign investors affects the degree of vertical spillovers from foreign direct investment. Investors' country of origin may matter for spillovers to domestic producers in upstream sectors (supplying intermediate inputs) in two ways. First, the share of intermediate inputs sourced by multinationals from a host country is likely to increase with the distance between the host and the source economy. Second, the sourcing pattern is likely to be affected by preferential trade agreements that cover some but not other source economies. In this case, the Association Agreement signed between Romania and the European Union (EU) implies that inputs sourced from the EU are subject to a lower tariff than inputs sourced from America or Asia. Moreover, while for European investors intermediate inputs sourced from home country suppliers comply with the rules of origin and thus can be exported to the EU on preferential terms, this would not be the case for home country suppliers of American or Asian multinationals. Therefore, one would expect that American and Asian investors source more from Romania than EU investors and thus present greater potential for vertical spillovers. The empirical analysis produces evidence in support of the authors' hypothesis. They find a positive association between the presence of.
Author : Thomas Farole
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 20,4 MB
Release : 2014-01-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1464801266
This book presents the results of a groundbreaking study on ‘spillovers’ of knowledge and technology from global value-chain oriented foreign direct investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses implications for policymakers hoping to harness the power of FDI for economic development.
Author : Sourafel Girma
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 25,39 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Absorptive capacity (Economics)
ISBN :
Author : Antonia Haberger
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 38,5 MB
Release : 2020-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3346218619
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, LMU Munich (Institut für marktorientierte Unternehmensführung), language: English, abstract: Both the drivers and effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) are complex and multifaceted. This thesis provides a conceptual overview of a selection of the most frequently considered drivers and economic effects of FDI in literature. The overview aims to support host countries in providing targeted incentives to attract FDI by raising the awareness of controllable drivers. Drivers for selecting a specific host country are presented hierarchically according to their controllability by the host country. The governance infrastructure as a driver, for instance, is easier to control by the target country than market characteristics, cultural distance, or resource endowments. This thesis discusses the drivers according to their decreasing controllability, starting with political factors, followed by economic, social, and cultural, as well as geographical factors. The reasons why these factors may attract FDI are outlined in the respective subsections. Moreover, this overview presents the economic effects of FDI on the host country. These effects include increased competition or spillover effects from foreign to local companies. The composition of direct and indirect effects leads to the conclusion that all these effects impact economic growth, which represents both a driver and an effect of FDI simultaneously. Thus, this thesis refers to the dependencies between drivers and effects with their interrelated factor economic growth. Further, it is argued that the effects of FDI are significantly interdependent among each other. Therefore, the realization of specific effects, such as economic growth, strongly depends on conditions and specific characteristics, such as the particular threshold level of human capital in the host country.
Author : Robert C. Feenstra
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 603 pages
File Size : 28,82 MB
Release : 2010-03-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0226239721
In less than three decades, China has grown from playing a negligible role in international trade to being one of the world's largest exporters, a substantial importer of raw materials, intermediate outputs, and other goods, and both a recipient and source of foreign investment. Not surprisingly, China's economic dynamism has generated considerable attention and concern in the United States and beyond. While some analysts have warned of the potential pitfalls of China's rise—the loss of jobs, for example—others have highlighted the benefits of new market and investment opportunities for US firms. Bringing together an expert group of contributors, China's Growing Role in World Trade undertakes an empirical investigation of the effects of China's new status. The essays collected here provide detailed analyses of the microstructure of trade, the macroeconomic implications, sector-level issues, and foreign direct investment. This volume's careful examination of micro data in light of established economic theories clarifies a number of misconceptions, disproves some conventional wisdom, and documents data patterns that enhance our understanding of China's trade and what it may mean to the rest of the world.
Author : United Nations
Publisher : UN
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 35,45 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789211217599
In 2010, the Latin American and Caribbean region showed great resilience to the international financial crisis and became the world region with the fastest-growing flows of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI). The upswing in FDI in the region has occurred in a context in which developing countries in general have taken on a greater share in both inward and outward FDI flows. This briefing paper is divided into five sections. The first offers a regional overview of FDI in 2010. The second examines FDI trends in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. The third describes the presence China is beginning to build up as an investor in the region. Lastly, the fourth and fifth sections analyze the main foreign investments and business strategies in the telecommunications and software sectors, respectively.