[PDF] Pricing For Municipal Water Conservation And Measuring The Benefits Of Reduced Water Demands eBook

Author : Ronald C. Griffin
Publisher :
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 36,15 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Water conservation
ISBN :

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Extract: The report addresses recent revisions to the federal "Principles and Standards" for planning municipal and industrial water development. Revisions include a requirement that nonstructural and water conservation measures be incorporated into project cost-benefit analyses. A specific cost-benefit methodology accommodating the revisions is constructed and discussed. Informational requirements for applying this methodology are identified. Water supply and demand functions are required for the empirical application of this technique. Estimations of these functions for a particular project enables the project to be evaluated. In addition to being consistent with federal mandates, this technique offers important advantages over the traditional "requirements" approach to project evaluation.

Author : William E. Martin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 28,70 MB
Release : 2015-09-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1317352971

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This book was stimulated by and sets out to analyse a political battle over water pricing by a municipal system. Originally published in 1984, this title provides improved methods for demand function estimation where block rates are involved, suggests procedures for rational pricing of municipal water, and explains how politics can dominate when real decisions are made. Due to the additional virtue of this title being easy to read, it is ideal for students interested in environmental studies, economics, and policy making, as well as for those involved with municipal services and resource management in general.

Author : David G. Groves
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 20,81 MB
Release : 2008
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0833043978

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"Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of water-efficiency programs can be difficult, because not all the benefits are easily quantified. This report presents an economic framework based on two tools from the California Urban Water Conservation Council to estimate the avoided costs and environmental benefits of an agency's efficiency programs. The report evaluates the benefits of Denver Water efficiency programs and uses an exploratory modeling approach to accommodate the significant uncertainty in such estimations. The results of this study suggest that the inclusion of long-run avoided costs and environmental benefits is critical to fully recognizing the value of water-use efficiency programs. The authors find that evaluating only the short-run avoided costs leads to the conclusion that many water-efficiency projects already a part of Denver Water's 10-year conservation plan are not cost-effective. When long-run avoided costs and environmental and recreational benefits were factored in, all but two Denver Water programs were estimated to be cost-effective. The timing of projected water savings from efficiency programs is also critical. Water savings from programs that concentrate savings during summer months, when water is scarcer, should be valued higher than saving from programs that lead to more uniform water savings throughout the year, because these water savings reduce peak water needs." -- publisher's website.

Author : U.S. National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 26,81 MB
Release : 1999-03-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 030906421X

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This book is the result of a joint research effort led by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and involving the Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Palestine Health Council. It discusses opportunities for enhancement of water supplies and avoidance of overexploitation of water resources in the Middle East. Based on the concept that ecosystem goods and services are essential to maintaining water quality and quantity, the book emphasizes conservation, improved use of current technologies, and water management approaches that are compatible with environmental quality.

Author : Ari Montgomery Michelsen
Publisher : American Water Works Association
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 42,73 MB
Release : 1998
Category : Water conservation
ISBN : 0898679540

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The purpose of this study is to build upon and extend previous water conservation research efforts of price and nonprice conservation programs on residential water demand in different urban areas of the southwestern United States. The primary research objectives are to: (1) develop residential water demand models to examine the effectiveness of price and nonprice programs; (2) develop and document a database of residential water demand in selected study ares; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of price and nonprice conservation programs using the water demand models and database developed for this study; and (4) examine the applicability of extending regional water demand relationships and results of conservation program effectiveness to other cities in the region. Specific issues examines on regional, seasonal and individual city basis include: How responsive are consumers to changes in the price of water?; are consumers responding to the average price, marginal price, or some combination of the two?; How does demand change or respond to implementation of nonprice conservation program? Is it appropriate to model and apply results on effectiveness to other cities in the region? The scope in terms of number and cross section of cities, detail of observations (monthly time periods), length of time covered and inclusion of price and nonprice programs combined with the analytical techniques used, contribute to making his one of the most comprehensive studies conducted on residential water use and the effectiveness of conservation programs. The research techniques and results of this evaluation will benefit water utilities and consumers through lower costs and more secure water supplies because of improved understanding and better planning and implementation of residential price, rate structure and nonprice conservation programs.