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Much hope has been vested in pricing as a means of helping to regulate and rationalize water management, notably in the irrigation sector. The pricing of water has often been applied universally, using general and ideological policies, and not considering regional environmental and economic differences. Almost 15 years after the emphasis laid at the Dublin and Rio conferences on treating water as an economic good, a comprehensive review of how such policies have helped manage water resources an irrigation use is necessary. The case-studies presented here offer a reassessment of current policies by evaluating their objectives and constraints and often demonstrating their failure by not considering the regional context. They will therefore contribute to avoiding costly and misplaced reforms and help design water policies that are based on a deeper understanding of the factors which eventually dictate their effectiveness.
Extract: This report outlines important factors affecting the choice of pricing systems for irrigation water. First we review the goals of pricing and regulatory schemes and then analyze other factors affecting choices. Marginal cost pricing is explained and identified with a way of thinking about administered prices rather than a rigid system. Finally, alternative pricing schemes are illustrated and some conclusions are offered.
As globalization links economies, the value of a country's irrigation water becomes increasingly sensitive to competitive forces in world markets. Water policy at the national and regional levels will need to accommodate these forces or water is likely to become undervalued. The inefficient use of this resource will lessen a country's comparative advantage in world markets and slow its transition to higher incomes, particularly in rural households. While professionals widely agree on what constitutes sound water resource management, they have not yet reached a consensus on the best ways of implementing policies. Policymakers have considered pricing water - a debated intervention - in many variations. Setting the price 'right,' some say, may guide different types of users in efficient water use by sending a signal about the value of this resource. Aside from efficiency, itself an important policy objective, equity, accessibility, and implementation costs associated with the right pricing must be considered. Focusing on the examples of China, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, and Turkey, Pricing Irrigation Water provides a clear methodology for studying farm-level demand for irrigation water. This book is the first to link the macroeconomics of policies affecting trade to the microeconomics of water demand for irrigation and, in the case of Morocco, to link these forces to the creation of a water user-rights market. This type of market reform, the contributors argue, will result in growing economic benefits to both rural and urban households.
Excerpt from Cost of Irrigation Water in California: A Cooperative Report In California the following types of enterprises furnish irriga tion water: public utilities. Contract companies, irrigation districts, mutual water companies, individuals. Partnerships, associations, pri vate companies, United States Bureau of Reclamation, United States Indian Service, State land settlements, water works districts, municipal improvement districts and reclamation districts. However, for the purpose of this investigation, most of the data collected may be grouped in four classes: public utilities, mutual water companies, irrigation districts and farm irrigation pumping plants. For a report of this character to be useful in published form, it should give information on the type of irrigation system, locality, age, source of water supply, amount of water delivered, acreage irrigated, crops raised, capital invested, and water charges, in addition to annual cost of water to the irrigator. In this study such data were obtained by visiting the principal irrigation enterprises of the state. The tables on cost of irrigation water are based on data furnished by the agency distributing the water or by the water user. On the major and more important tables, a notation to this effect is made. It was neither feasible nor practicable to extend the investigation to include all irrigation enterprises in California. However, it is believed that the data presented are well representative of the costs throughout the state. Much information collected was so fragmentary and incomplete that its inclusion was not warranted. \vhile the report covers the past several years, the data for the vear 1929 are presented in more detail than that for other years. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.