[PDF] Prevention And Control Of Accidental Releases Of Hazardous Gases eBook

Author : Vasilis M. Fthenakis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 11,27 MB
Release : 1993-08-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780471284086

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Today's complex industrial plants can pose many risks of fire, explosions, and other hazardous incidents if proper safety mechanisms are not in place. Of particular concern are accidental gaseous emissions that jeopardize the health of workers and the facility itself. This guide explains the latest engineering and administrative options available for avoiding and controlling accidents, including how to set up reliable systems for preventing and mitigating accidental releases as well as how to evaluate the performance of these systems.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 17 pages
File Size : 43,25 MB
Release : 1993
Category :
ISBN :

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Statistics on industrial accidents are incomplete due to lack of specific criteria on what constitutes a release or accident. In this country, most major industrial accidents were related to explosions and fires of flammable materials, not to releases of chemicals into the environment. The EPA in a study of 6,928 accidental releases of toxic chemicals revealed that accidents at stationary facilities accounted for 75% of the total number of releases, and transportation accidents for the other 25%. About 7% of all reported accidents (468 cases) resulted in 138 deaths and 4,717 injuries ranging from temporary respiratory problems to critical injuries. In-plant accidents accounted for 65% of the casualties. The most efficient strategy to reduce hazards is to choose technologies which do not require the use of large quantities of hazardous gases. For new technologies this approach can be implemented early in development, before large financial resources and efforts are committed to specific options. Once specific materials and options have been selected, strategies to prevent accident initiating events need to be evaluated and implemented. The next step is to implement safety options which suppress a hazard when an accident initiating event occurs. Releases can be prevented or reduced with fail-safe equipment and valves, adequate warning systems and controls to reduce and interrupt gas leakage. If an accident occurs and safety systems fail to contain a hazardous gas release, then engineering control systems will be relied on to reduce/minimize environmental releases. As a final defensive barrier, the prevention of human exposure is needed if a hazardous gas is released, in spite of previous strategies. Prevention of consequences forms the final defensive barrier. Medical facilities close by that can accommodate victims of the worst accident can reduce the consequences of personnel exposure to hazardous gases.

Author : Daniel S. Davis
Publisher : William Andrew
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 46,76 MB
Release : 1989
Category : Science
ISBN :

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Accidental Releases Of Air Toxics

Author : CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 28,78 MB
Release : 2010-08-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470925140

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Whether occurring accidentally or through acts of terrorism, catastrophic chemical releases must be identified early in order to mitigate their consequences. Continuous sensor monitoring can detect catastrophic chemical releases early enough to curb extreme amounts of damage. In several notable instances, such monitors have not been used appropriately, or have fallen short of what they should have been capable of delivering. This book provides the technical background and guidance needed to get the most from this emerging technique and details the essentials of preparing any workplace from falling victim to a gas-leak catastrophe.

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Page : 4 pages
File Size : 30,32 MB
Release : 1996
Category :
ISBN :

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This paper presents a review of approaches to prevent and mitigate accidental releases of toxic and flammable gases. The prevention options are related to: choosing safer processes and materials, preventing initiating events, preventing or minimizing releases, and preventing human exposures. the mitigation options include: secondary confinement, de-inventory, vapor barriers, and water sprays/monitors. Guidelines for the design and operation of effective post-release mitigation systems are also presented.

Author : Daniel Scott Davis
Publisher :
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 21,50 MB
Release : 1989
Category : Chemical industry
ISBN :

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Reducing the possibility of accidental toxic chemical releases reduces the possibility of harm to human health and to the environment. When such a release does occur, however, its consequences must be reduced. This can be accomplished by means of a variety of mitigation measures that can contain, capture, destroy, divert, or disperse the released chemical. Mitigation measures begin with the initial siting and layout of a facility to decrease the area that would be affected by a release. The extent of the area potentially affected, the concentrations of toxic chemicals reaching those areas, and the duration of exposure can be estimated by vapor or gas dispersion modeling. The extent and magnitude of an actual release can be determined using meteorological instruments. These systems, along with emergency planning and training, are the first steps in the mitigation process. Other measures involve the use of mitigation techniques such as leak plugging, containment systems, and spray or foam systems. The general application costs of these methods are discussed.

Author : Robert Noyes
Publisher : William Andrew Publishing
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 45,43 MB
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9780815512967

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Provides technical guidance to prevent leaks, spills, or other accidental releases of hazardous substances from fixed facilities.

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Page : pages
File Size : 26,96 MB
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The Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) presents the full text of a fact sheet in PDF format entitled "Risk Management Planning: Accidental Release Prevention," published in May 1996. The fact sheet discusses the prevention of accidental releases of hazardous chemicals, which begins with identifying the hazards and assessing the risks.