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Precision Manufacturing provides an introduction to precision engineering for manufacturing. With an emphasis on design and performance of precision machinery for manufacturing – machine tool elements and structure, sources of error, precision machining processes and process models sensors for process monitoring and control, metrology, actuators, and machine design. This book will be of interest to design engineers, quality engineers and manufacturing engineers, academics and those who may or may not have previous experience with precision manufacturing, but want to learn more.
This book provides details on various micro and precision manufacturing and finishing operations performed by conventional and advanced processes, including micro-manufacturing of micro-tools and precision finishing of engineered components. It describes the process mechanism, principles and parameters while performing micro-fabrication and precision finishing operations. The text provides the readers with knowledge of micro and precision manufacturing and encourages them to explore the future venues in this field.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a fast-growing sector with the ability to evoke a revolution in manufacturing due to its almost unlimited design freedom and its capability to produce personalised parts locally and with efficient material use. AM companies, however, still face technological challenges such as limited precision due to shrinkage, built-in stresses and limited process stability and robustness. Moreover, often post-processing is needed due to high roughness and remaining porosity. Qualified, trained personnel are also in short supply. In recent years, there have been dramatic improvements in AM design methods, process control, post-processing, material properties and material range. However, if AM is going to gain a significant market share, it must be developed into a true precision manufacturing method. The production of precision parts relies on three principles: Production is robust (i.e. all sensitive parameters can be controlled). Production is predictable (for example, the shrinkage that occurs is acceptable because it can be predicted and compensated in the design). Parts are measurable (as without metrology, accuracy, repeatability and quality assurance cannot be known). AM of metals is inherently a high-energy process with many sensitive and inter-related process parameters, making it susceptible to thermal distortions, defects and process drift. The complete modelling of these processes is beyond current computational power, and novel methods are needed to practicably predict performance and inform design. In addition, metal AM produces highly textured surfaces and complex surface features that stretch the limits of contemporary metrology. With so many factors to consider, there is a significant shortage of background material on how to inject precision into AM processes. Shortage in such material is an important barrier for a wider uptake of advanced manufacturing technologies, and a comprehensive book is thus needed. This book aims to inform the reader how to improve the precision of metal AM processes by tackling the three principles of robustness, predictability and metrology, and by developing computer-aided engineering methods that empower rather than limit AM design. Richard Leach is a professor in metrology at the University of Nottingham and heads up the Manufacturing Metrology Team. Prior to this position, he was at the National Physical Laboratory from 1990 to 2014. His primary love is instrument building, from concept to final installation, and his current interests are the dimensional measurement of precision and additive manufactured structures. His research themes include the measurement of surface topography, the development of methods for measuring 3D structures, the development of methods for controlling large surfaces to high resolution in industrial applications and the traceability of X-ray computed tomography. He is a leader of several professional societies and a visiting professor at Loughborough University and the Harbin Institute of Technology. Simone Carmignato is a professor in manufacturing engineering at the University of Padua. His main research activities are in the areas of precision manufacturing, dimensional metrology and industrial computed tomography. He is the author of books and hundreds of scientific papers, and he is an active member of leading technical and scientific societies. He has been chairman, organiser and keynote speaker for several international conferences, and received national and international awards, including the Taylor Medal from CIRP, the International Academy for Production Engineering.
Recognizing the need for improved control measures in the manufacturing process of highly sensitized semiconductor technology, this practical reference provides in-depth and advanced treatment on the origins, procedures, and disposal of a variety of contaminants. It uses contemporary examples based on the latest hardware and processing apparatus to illustrate previously unavailable results and insights along with experimental and theoretical developments. Ensures the proper methods necessary to meet the standards established in the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS)! Summarizing up-to-date control practices in the industry, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products: Details the physics and chemistry behind the mechanisms leading to contamination-induced failures Considers particles and molecular contaminants, including the entire spectrum of mass-based contaminants Outlines primary contamination problems and target control levels Reveals and offers solutions to inadequate areas of measurement capability and control technology Clarifies significant problems and decisions facing the industry by analyzing NTRS standards and contamination mechanisms Containing over 700 literature references, drawings, photographs, equations, and tables, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products is an essential reference for electrical and electronics, instrumentation, process, manufacturing, development, contamination control and quality engineers; physicists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Author : R. L. Murty Publisher : New Age International Page : 266 pages File Size : 38,40 MB Release : 2005 Category : Machine-tools ISBN : 9788122407501
The Key Words In Manufacturing Are Cost And Quality. While This Has Been Generally True Throughout The History Of Manufacturing, We Have Today Entered Into A Highly Competitive Stage Where Quality Has Assumed Overwhelming Importance. There Is No Survival Without It. Quality ``Just Does Not Happen, It Is Caused``. Quality Circles, Total Quality, Iso 9000, Etc. Are Some Measures To Improve Quality.The Broad Purpose Of The Present Book Is To Explain The Concept Of Part Accuracy And Machine Tool Accuracy And The Interaction Between Them. It Considers In Detail The Influence Of Various Factors Affecting Accuracy. The Factors Considered Are Stiffness, Vibrations, Thermal Effects, Tool Wear, Geometrical Inaccuracy Inherent In The Machine Tools Themselves, Cutting Conditions, Location And Others. The Interaction Of Dimensions In A Chain Of Machining Processes Is Also Included. The Standards Relevant To Accuracy Are Explained. Processes To Obtain Precision Parts Are Described. The Treatment Is Not Just Descriptive. Analytical Expressions And Numerical Examples Are Included. The Scope Of The Book Is Novel And The Subject Matter Will Be Highly Useful Not Only To An Academic In The Area Of Manufacturing But Also To An Engineer On The Shop Floor.
“Another gem from one of the world’s justly celebrated historians specializing in unusual and always fascinating subjects and people.” — Booklist (starred review) The revered New York Times bestselling author traces the development of technology from the Industrial Age to the Digital Age to explore the single component crucial to advancement—precision—in a superb history that is both an homage and a warning for our future. The rise of manufacturing could not have happened without an attention to precision. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century England, standards of measurement were established, giving way to the development of machine tools—machines that make machines. Eventually, the application of precision tools and methods resulted in the creation and mass production of items from guns and glass to mirrors, lenses, and cameras—and eventually gave way to further breakthroughs, including gene splicing, microchips, and the Hadron Collider. Simon Winchester takes us back to origins of the Industrial Age, to England where he introduces the scientific minds that helped usher in modern production: John Wilkinson, Henry Maudslay, Joseph Bramah, Jesse Ramsden, and Joseph Whitworth. It was Thomas Jefferson who later exported their discoveries to the fledgling United States, setting the nation on its course to become a manufacturing titan. Winchester moves forward through time, to today’s cutting-edge developments occurring around the world, from America to Western Europe to Asia. As he introduces the minds and methods that have changed the modern world, Winchester explores fundamental questions. Why is precision important? What are the different tools we use to measure it? Who has invented and perfected it? Has the pursuit of the ultra-precise in so many facets of human life blinded us to other things of equal value, such as an appreciation for the age-old traditions of craftsmanship, art, and high culture? Are we missing something that reflects the world as it is, rather than the world as we think we would wish it to be? And can the precise and the natural co-exist in society?
Precision Nanometrology describes the new field of precision nanometrology, which plays an important part in nanoscale manufacturing of semiconductors, optical elements, precision parts and similar items. It pays particular attention to the measurement of surface forms of precision workpieces and to stage motions of precision machines. The first half of the book is dedicated to the description of optical sensors for the measurement of angle and displacement, which are fundamental quantities for precision nanometrology. The second half presents a number of scanning-type measuring systems for surface forms and stage motions. The systems discussed include: • error separation algorithms and systems for measurement of straightness and roundness, • the measurement of micro-aspherics, • systems based on scanning probe microscopy, and • scanning image-sensor systems. Precision Nanometrology presents the fundamental and practical technologies of precision nanometrology with a helpful selection of algorithms, instruments and experimental data. It will be beneficial for researchers, engineers and postgraduate students involved in precision engineering, nanotechnology and manufacturing.
The Latest Techniques of Ultra-Precise Manufacturing for Creating Mechanical, Electronic, and Optical Products Precision Engineering gives expert guidance on the application of manufacturing to micro and nano levels, using state-of-the-art miniaturization technology. The book fully explores these new in-demand techniques, providing clear explanations of precision engineering fundamentals, the theory and design of precision machines, and the mechanics of ultra-precise machining. Filled with over 200 skills-building illustrations, this vital engineering resource examines topics ranging from atomic bit processes for manufacturing and atomic force...to scanning and electronic and optical microscopy. You will find timely information on the tool materials for precision machining...the mechanics of materials cutting...advances in precision grinding...ultra-precision machine elements...rolling element, hydrodynamic, and hydrostatic bearings...gas lubricated bearings... microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)...and much more. Presenting practical know-how on everything required to create actual products, Precision Engineering features: A full account of tool materials for precision engineering The latest methods of precision grinding Detailed analysis of ultra-precise machine elements In-depth coverage of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Inside This Cutting-Edge Guide to Precision Engineering Methods • Tool Materials for Precision Machining • Mechanics of Materials Cutting • Advances in Precision Grinding • Ultra-Precision Machine Elements • Rolling Element, Hydrodynamic, and Hydrostatic Bearings • Gas Lubricated Bearings • Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Manufacturing, reduced to its simplest form, involves the sequencing of product forms through a number of different processes. Each individual step, known as an unit manufacturing process, can be viewed as the fundamental building block of a nation's manufacturing capability. A committee of the National Research Council has prepared a report to help define national priorities for research in unit processes. It contains an organizing framework for unit process families, criteria for determining the criticality of a process or manufacturing technology, examples of research opportunities, and a prioritized list of enabling technologies that can lead to the manufacture of products of superior quality at competitive costs. The study was performed under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the Defense Department's Manufacturing Technology Program.