[PDF] Poverty Trends In Germany And Great Britain eBook

Author : Jan Brülle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 41,18 MB
Release : 2018-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 3658208929

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Jan Brülle shows how poverty risks in Germany between 1992 and 2012 increased concentrated on those with low educational levels, in lower occupational positions, and with precarious employment careers, as the country’s welfare state failed to adapt to widening inequalities in households’ market incomes. Contrasting the German experience with Great Britain, where social transfers to low-income families in concert with favourable labour market conditions helped to reduce poverty between 1992 and the global financial crisis, he presents the most comprehensive comparative study on poverty trends in these two countries to date. Moving beyond a cross-sectional perspective on poverty, the author analyses why it became not only more frequent in Germany, but also more persistent in individual life-courses, and why faster exits have driven the decline in poverty in Great Britain.

Author : Robert G. Valletta
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 30,17 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :

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Comparative analysis of poverty dynamics - transitions and persistence - can yield important insights about the nature of poverty and the effectiveness of alternative policy responses. This manuscript compares poverty dynamics in four advanced industrial countries (Canada, unified Germany, Great Britain, and the United States) for overlapping six-year periods in the 1990s, focusing on the impact of government policies. The data indicate that relative to measured cross-sectional poverty rates, poverty persistence is higher in North America than in Europe. Most poverty transitions, and the prevalence of chronic poverty, are associated with employment instability and family dissolution in all four countries. However, government tax-and-transfer policies are more effective at reducing poverty persistence in Europe than in North America.

Author : Annemarie Mehler
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 30,12 MB
Release : 2023-11-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 3346976777

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Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Sociology - Social System and Social Structure, grade: 2,0, University of Dortmund, language: English, abstract: I structure this paper from the general to the particular. In order to understand this topic, the first thing to do is to define the term "social inequality". This is followed by the topics of "Social Inequality in Germany" and "Social Inequality in England" and a comparison of Germany and England. According to Hradil (2005), social inequality is about the unequal distribution of goods considered 'valuable' in a society. Possession or lack of these goods has a major impact on people's living conditions; people who have more 'valuable goods' are better off than those who have less. It should be noted that the value of a good has no universal validity and is flexible. Depending on historical developments or the spatial context, goods vary in value. Whether and to what extent a good is considered 'valuable' depends on the values that prevail in a society. It is through the possession of goods that those values can be realized (see Hradil, 2005, p.28). An example of a valuable good is work. This fulfils the social idea of financial security. Unemployed people are disadvantaged in many areas of life compared to those who have work; moreover, work can be differentiated into lower and higher paid jobs.

Author : Miles Corak
Publisher :
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,6 MB
Release : 2005
Category :
ISBN : 9783936454437

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Abstract: "This paper offers a descriptive portrait of income poverty among children in Germany between the early 1980s and 2001, with a focus on developments since unification in 1991. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel are used to estimate poverty rates, rates of entry to and exit from poverty, and the duration of time spent in and out of poverty. The analysis focuses upon comparisons between East and West Germany, by family structure, and citizenship status. Child poverty rates have drifted upward since 1991, and have been increasing more than the rates for the overall population since the mid-1990s. In part these changes are due to increasing poverty among children from households headed by non-citizens. Children in single parent households are by all measures at considerable risk of living in poverty. There are also substantial differences in the incidence of child poverty and its dynamics between East and West Germany"--Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site.

Author : Birgit Mattil
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 49,68 MB
Release : 2006-03-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 3790816760

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Recently, policy debate and comparative research on old-age pensions have focused on the financial sustainability of pension systems in the face of demographic change. This study, however, also takes into account distributional effects involved in pension system structures. Theoretical, institutional and empirical analyses are combined to form a comprehensive framework for evaluating financial sustainability and distributional effects of the pension systems implemented in Germany and the United Kingdom. Along with projections of demographic trends and future public pension expenditure, the empirical results on old-age incomes and their distribution allow for identifying a number of reform options for each pension system to improve their financial or distributional results.

Author : Peter Filzmoser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 45,57 MB
Release : 2021-06-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 3030711757

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This book presents modern methods and real-world applications of compositional data analysis. It covers a wide variety of topics, ranging from an updated presentation of basic concepts and ideas in compositional data analysis to recent advances in the context of complex data structures. Further, it illustrates real-world applications in numerous scientific disciplines and includes references to the latest software solutions available for compositional data analysis, thus providing a valuable and up-to-date guide for researchers and practitioners working with compositional data. Featuring selected contributions by leading experts in the field, the book is dedicated to Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn on the occasion of her 70th birthday.