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This book helps the reader to understand the specific properties of piezoelectric ceramic resonators. It provides their theoretical description by immitance and equivalent circuit method. The nummerical modelling described is accompanied by examples of properties measured experimentally. Piezoelectric ceramic transformers are also covered, followed by a series of solved and unsolved problems prepared specially for students.
Because of the good piezoelectric properties and low sintering temperature, CBT-Cu/Ba-0.30 and MBT-Cu/Ba-0.40 have been used to fabricate high-frequency double-layered ceramic resonators. The resonator has a pair of top and bottom electrodes and an inner electrode in between them; all of them are of the same dimensions (2 mm and 3 mm in diameter) and smaller than the lateral dimension of the resonator (~5.4mm {604} 4.5 mm). As the sintering temperature for CBT-Cu/Ba-0.30 and MBT-Cu/Ba-0.40 are below 1000°C, Ag70/Pd30 inner electrode, instead of Pt, can be used for cofiring with the ceramics, and hence there is a great saving in the production cost. Our results reveal that the spurious vibrations of the resonators have been successfully suppressed. This should be party due to the smaller electrodes which is one of the typical approaches in the energy trapping technique to confine the vibrations in the electroded region and hence to reduce the standing waves formed by the reflected waves from the sample edge. This should also partly due to the second harmonic thickness extension mode vibrations. Our results also reveal that although the MBT-Cu/Ba-0.4 ceramic has better piezoelectric properties, its performance as a resonator is not as good as CBT-Cu/Ba-0.30. For the CBT-Cu/Ba-0.30 double-layered resonator, it has a relatively "clean" resonance response and a lower temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF =-39.3 ppm/°C). It also has a relatively low impedance at resonance (14 and 30] for 3-mm and 2-mm electrodes, respectively), which is very close to the value for a commercially available PZT resonator. These suggest that the CBT-Cu/Ba-0.30 lead-free double-layered resonators have good potential to replace the lead-based resonators.
The ceramic manufacturing process is so complicated and process-dependent, that achieving reproducibility is very hard in many cases. Especially, ceramic resonator is smaller than other piezoelectric ceramics applications and more precise process control is needed. Therefore, understanding configuration design and tendency through simulation is very useful to avoid unnecessary effort. In recent trend, as piezoelectric ceramics is used in the various actuators and sensors, the use of simulation in this field is also increasing. Some of actuator, sensor or acoustic applications may have a complicated shape depending on the purposes, however, basic simulation process was regarded as same as resonator. Therefore, the accuracy of simulation depends on the accuracy of the knowledge on the material constants of piezoelectrics.
This book introduces piezoelectric microelectromechanical (pMEMS) resonators to a broad audience by reviewing design techniques including use of finite element modeling, testing and qualification of resonators, and fabrication and large scale manufacturing techniques to help inspire future research and entrepreneurial activities in pMEMS. The authors discuss the most exciting developments in the area of materials and devices for the making of piezoelectric MEMS resonators, and offer direct examples of the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to commercialize these types of devices. Some of the topics covered include: Widely-used piezoelectric materials, as well as materials in which there is emerging interest Principle of operation and design approaches for the making of flexural, contour-mode, thickness-mode, and shear-mode piezoelectric resonators, and examples of practical implementation of these devices Large scale manufacturing approaches, with a focus on the practical aspects associated with testing and qualification Examples of commercialization paths for piezoelectric MEMS resonators in the timing and the filter markets ...and more! The authors present industry and academic perspectives, making this book ideal for engineers, graduate students, and researchers.
Advanced Technical Ceramics Directory and Databook is a world-wide directory of the properties and suppliers of advanced technical ceramic material used in, or proposed for, numerous engineering applications. The information is subdivided into sections based on the class of ceramic, e.g. Nitrides-silicon nitride, sialon, boron carbide, aluminium nitride etc. Each section consists of a short introduction, a table comparing basic data and a series of data sheets. The book adopts standardised data in order to help the reader in finding and comparing different data and identifying the required information. It is designed to complement the existing Chapman & Hall publications on high performance materials.
Piezoelectric resonators rank among the traditional electronic components that have been used for many years in radioelectrics, time-keeping and, more recently, in microprocessor-based devices. Their ever-increasing range of application has been made possible by gradual improvements in the basic resonator parameters. This book is a compendium of studies on bulk-wave vibrating piezoelectric resonators. First published in Czech in 1983, this English edition has been adapted to include the latest concepts and developments. Important elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric parameters of piezoelectric resonators are reviewed, and basic characteristics of modern piezoelectric crystals and piezoceramic materials derived. In the section on vibration theory, the equations of motion and their solutions are presented; the resonant frequency equations of the flexural, length extensional and torsional modes of vibrations of the bars and the thickness vibrations of the plates are derived. Approximate methods of calculation for contoured rectangular plates are also considered. The electrical equivalent circuit of piezoelectric resonator is then derived for various shapes of bars and plates. The properties of the electrical equivalent circuit are described with regard to the influence of the temperature and the non-linear properties of piezoelectric crystals. The methods of measurement of resonant frequency and dynamic capacitance are presented and related to the equivalent electrical circuit of piezoelectric resonators. One part of the book is devoted to basic types of piezoelectric quartz, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 resonators. Special attention is given to the possibility of adjusting the resonant frequency/temperature characteristics by selecting a suitable orientation angle and dimension ratio of the resonator plate. A brief description of multi-resonator structures is included. Production technology and comments on resonator applications in wave filters and crystal oscillators are also discussed. The book is intended for engineers in research and development departments in plants producing piezoelectric resonators, as well as for those who utilize piezoelectric units in various electronic and measuring devices. University and postgraduate students may find it a useful source of information in a number of electrotechnical and electronic studies.
Author : The Ceramic Society of Japan Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 507 pages File Size : 33,97 MB Release : 2012-10-19 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 443154108X
Since the last century, ceramics have become essential to modern society and our daily lives. They have become an indispensable product to many industries, especially within the fields of electronics, automobiles, medicine, and leisure. Japanese ceramic technologies and products are highly sophisticated and world renown, and ceramic products have long contributed to Japanese society. The true significance of ceramics to modern society however, is not well understood. This book describes in detail the background to and objective of the development, materials, manufacturing processes, functions and future prospects of a number of ceramic products. Not merely about the science and technology of ceramic manufacturing, the book is about the products themselves, as it tries to clarify how ceramics continue to contribute to our lives. It is the first such work to show advanced ceramic products in detail, from the technologies used to their application, and can be seen as a kind of illustrated reference book for modern advanced ceramic products as it is filled with easy-to-understand illustrations and photos. By including past and current product technologies, the editors hope the book will serve to guide engineers and the manufacturing sector toward a bright future of innovations for the benefit of us all.
Interest in filter theory and design has been growing with the telecommunications industry since the late nineteenth century. Now that telecommunications has become so critical to industry, filter research has assumed even greater importance at companies and academic institutions around the world. The CRC Handbook of Electrical Filters fills in the gaps for engineers and scientists who need a basic introduction to the subject. Unlike the currently available textbooks, which are filled with detailed, highly technical analysis geared to the specialist, this practical guide provides useful information for the non-specialist about the various types of filters, their design, and applications. The handbook covers approximation theory and methods and introduces CAD packages that perform approximation and synthesis for both analog and digital filters. Also included are design methods for LCR, active-RC, digital, mechanical, and switched capacitor (SC) filters. A thorough survey of current design trends rounds out this complete assessment of a key field of study.
S/Filter includes tools beyond direct synthesis, including a wide variety of both exact and approximate equivalent network transforms, methods for selecting the most desirable out of potentially thousands of synthesized alternatives, and a transform history record that simplifies design attempts requiring iteration. Very few software programs are based on direct synthesis, and the additional features of S/Filter make it a uniquely effective tool for filter design. This resource presents a practical guide to using Genesys software for microwave and RF filter design and synthesis. The focus of the book is common filter design problems and how to use direct synthesis to solve those problems. This book covers the application of S/Filter features to solving important and common filter problems. Both lumped element and distributed filters are discussed, with extensions to dielectric and quartz crystal resonators.