[PDF] Physiological Limitations And The Genetic Improvement Of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation eBook

Author : F. O'Gara
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 42,46 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400914016

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Rhizobium species involved in root nodule formation on legume plants are one of the best known groups of micro organisms. The Rhizobium legume symbiosis continues to be of strategic importance particularly in the context of food production. As the world population grows, it is also neces sary to have new developments taking place in crop improve ment. The development and application of new technologies in biological sciences over the past number of years have made the entire area of plant-microbial interaction an exciting and challenging research area to be involved in. In view of the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it is not surpris ing that it still represents one of the priority areas for commercial development in agricultural biotechnology. Since this symbiosis involves an association between procaryotic and eucaryotic partners, it requires of necessity a co-ordinated and interdisciplinary approach. It was in this spirit that this international conference was organised. The scientific programme was designed to focus on physio logical limitations affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the potential for overcoming such limitations using genetic technologies. Participants were drawn from contractants of the EEC DGVI "Energy in Agriculture" nitrogen fixation prog ramme. The scientific programme was also supplemented with invited scientists from Europe and North America to provide appropriate expertise on the various conference topics.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 40,89 MB
Release : 1988
Category :
ISBN :

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The influence of host plant energy supply on nitrogen fixation; Carbon metabolism and the exclange of metabolites between symbionts in legume nodules; Bacterial catabolism of nitrogen contaning compounds in symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Studies on the Rhizobium-pea symbiosis: the role of malate dehydrogenase and the effect of the plant on the efficiency of the nitrogenase reaction; Energetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation: the relationships between oxygen, malate and hydrogen; Rhizobium strain effect on nitrogen accumulation unpea relates to PEA carboxylase activity in nodules and asparagine in root bleeding sap. Flavanoid-rhizobium interactions; Peribacteroid membrane stability and phytoalexin production in legume nodules; Limitations and benefits of oxygen diffusion control in legume nodules; Factors controlling legume nitrogen fixation and their measurement in the field; Inhibition of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by nitrate; Variations in nodulation ability by strains of R. trifolii in the presence of nitrate; Positive and negative aspects of denitrification in Rhizobium-legume associations; Competition between nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium strains: delay of nodulation; Effect of soil pH on nitrogenase activity, crop yield and Rhizobium multiplication; Dicarboxylic acid utilization and nitrogen fixation efficiency in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis; Regulation of nitrogen fixation in the Rhizobium meliloti-alfafa symbiosis; Structure and regulation of fix genes from Rhizobium meliloti; Organization and expression of hydrogen-uptake (hu) genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum; Two classes of Rhizobium genes requiredfor the nodulation of legumes; The role of nodulins in root nodule development.

Author : J. Dobereiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 34,18 MB
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461589576

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The 15th Latin American Symposium ''laS held in Brasilia (FD) on J1UY 18-22, 1977, on a topic of great interest for agriculture, especially in the tropics. Many new developments have taken place in the field of research in N2 fixation during the last few years. They "Tere made possible by the improved methods of measuring of nitrogenase activity, progress in genetic engineering fields and the increased interest in taking advantage of natural sources for biological nitrogen fixation. The approach used in this Symposium together with the one held four months earlier in Brookhaven on ;'Genetic Engineering for Nitrogen Fixation" gives an interesting picture of the present status of nitrogen fixation from two diverse approaches. This is my 20th year visiting Latin i'-J11.erica. I am most impressed with the tremendous development which has taken place during these years in Latin American science. I want to congrat ulate our Brazilian colleagues for arranging this excellent and timely symposium and its excellent organization. These symposia are a cooperative effort between our Latin colleagues and scientists allover the world. They are made possible by excellent local support and support by a number of international agencies and several groups in the United States. Earlier symposia in this series are listed on pp. viii-x. Alexander Hollaender vii viii PREFACE I. International Symposium on Tissue Transplantation--Santiago, Vifia del Mar, and Valparaiso, Chile. Published in 1962 by the University of Chile Press, Santiago; edited by A. P. Cristoffanini and Gustavo Hoecker; 269 pp.

Author : Gary S. Stacey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 960 pages
File Size : 21,66 MB
Release : 1992-04-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780412024214

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Phylogenetic classification of nitrogen-fixing organisms. Physiology of nitrogen fixation in free-living heterotrophs. Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria. Nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation by methanogenic bacteria. Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Actinorhizal symbioses. Ecology of bradyrhizobium and rhizobium. The rhizobium infection process. Physiology of nitrogen-fixing legume nodules: compartments, and functions. Hydrogen cycling in symbiotic bacteria. Evolution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses. The rhizobium symbiosis of the nonlegume parasponia. Genetic analysis of rhizobium nodulation. Nodulins in root nodule development. Plant genetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Molecular genetics of bradyrhizobium symbioses. The enzymology of molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation. Alternative nitrogen fixation systems. Biochemical genetics of nitrogenase. Regulation of nitrogen fixation genes in free-living and symbiotic bacteria. Isolated iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase.

Author : P. Graham
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 46,1 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401110883

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During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.

Author : Anton Quispel
Publisher :
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 29,80 MB
Release : 1974
Category : Nitrification
ISBN :

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The nitrogen-fixing organisms. Free-living heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere. Nitrogen fixation in the phyllosphere. Photosynthetic bacteria. Blue-gree algae. Associations with blue-green algae. Root-nodule symbioses with rhizobium. Root-nodulesymbioses withactinomycete-like organisms. Development of root-nodule symbioses. Root-nodule morphogenesis. Formation and function of bacteroids. The endophytes of the root nodules in nonleguminous plants. Leghemoglobin. Environmental effects on nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Putative nitrogen fixation in other symbioses. The nitrogen-fixing system. The enzyme system. Genetics of N2-fixing organisms.

Author : Peter M. Gresshoff
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 595 pages
File Size : 45,37 MB
Release : 2018-01-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1351091646

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The core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.