[PDF] Physical Mechanisms In Radiation Biology eBook

Author : William A. Glass
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 11,58 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1468476270

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The fundamental understanding of the production of biological effects by ionizing radiation may well be one of the most important scientific objectives of mankind; such understanding could lead to the effective and safe utilization of the nuclear energy option. In addition, this knowledge will be of immense value in such diverse fields as radiation therapy and diagnosis and in the space program. To achieve the above stated objective, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors embarked upon a fundamental interdisciplinary research program some 35 years ago. A critical component of this program is the Radiological and Chemical Physics Program (RCPP). When the RCPP was established, there was very little basic knowledge in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology that could be directly applied to understanding the effects of radiation on biological systems. Progress of the RCPP program in its first 15 years was documented in the proceedings of a conference held at Airlie, Virginia, in 1972. At this conference, it was clear that considerable progr:ess had been made in research on the physical and chemical processes in well-characterized systems that could be used to understand biological effects. During this period of time, most physical knowledge was obtained for the gas phase because the technology and instru mentation had not progressed to the point that measurements could be made in liquids more characteristic of biological materials.

Author : Leroy Augenstein
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 14,43 MB
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1483223272

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Physical Processes in Radiation Biology covers the proceedings of an International Symposium on Physical Processes in Radiation Biology, held at the Kellogg Center for Continuing Education, Michigan State University on May 6-8, 1963, sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The symposium aims to address the core problems of radiation biology concerning the absorption, distribution, and utilization of high energy packets in biological systems. This book is composed of 21 chapters, and begins with an introduction to the absorption, excitation, and transfer processes in molecular solids. The subsequent chapters discuss the nature of exciton processes; the mechanisms of charge transport in biological materials; the interactions of fast and slow electrons with model systems; the importance of liquid structures in determining the development of radiation damage; and the nature of the metastable species formed. The concluding chapters explore the importance of charge migration in energy transfer processes in different biological systems and the significance of higher excited levels in charge migration and energy transfer. These chapters also describe the nature of the hydration of electrons and protons in aqueous systems. This book will be of great value to radiation biologists, biophysicists, physical chemists, and physicists.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 10,45 MB
Release : 1995-07-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309176115

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Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.

Author : Jürgen Kiefer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 19,3 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642837697

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The biological action of radiation undoubtedly constitutes an issue of actual con cern, particularly after incidences like those in Harrisburg or Chernobyl. These considerations, however, were not the reason for writing this book although it is hoped that it will also be helpful in this respect. The interaction of radiation with biological systems is such an interesting research objective that to my mind no special justification is needed to pursue these problems. The combination of physics, chemistry and biology presents on one hand a fascinating challenge to the student, on the other, it may lead to insights which are not possible if the dif ferent subjects remain clearly separated. Special problems of radiation biology have quite often led to new approaches in physics (or vice versa), a recent example is "microdosimetry" (chapter 4). Biological radiation a9tion comprises all levels of biological organization. It starts with the absorption in essential atoms and molecules and ends with the development of cancer and genetic hazards to future generations. The structure of the book reflects this. Beginning with physical and chemical fundamentals, it then turns to a description of chemical and subcellular systems. Cellular effects form a large part since they are the basis for understanding all further responses. Reactions of the whole organism, concentrating on mammals and especially humans, are subsequently treated. The book concludes with a short discussion of problems in radiation protection and the application of radiation in medical therapy. These last points are necessarily short and somewhat superficial.

Author : Maurice Errera
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 38,89 MB
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 148326632X

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Mechanisms in Radiobiology, Volume II: Multicellular Organisms presents the development of radiobiology, which has run parallel with the advancement of biology. This book discusses the fundamental aspects of radiobiology in connection with the therapeutic use of X-rays in medicine. Organized into five chapters, this book begins with an overview of radiation effects on embryonic and adult organisms, particularly in mammals. This text then discusses the immunological processes in irradiated organisms. Other chapters consider the mechanisms of action of protective and sensitizing agents and examine the primary or secondary effects of the irradiation on the various organs. This book discusses as well the experimental possibilities of improving the recovery of irradiated mammals. The final chapter deals with the reactions of living organisms after a damaging dose of ionizing radiation, which is determined by a variety of biological and physical factors. This book is a valuable resource for radiobiologists, pathologists, scientists, physicists, clinicians, and research workers.