[PDF] Perception In Criminology eBook

Author : Vicky De Mesmaecker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 17,40 MB
Release : 2014-03-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1134618611

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In recent decades, research into the legitimacy of criminal justice has convincingly demonstrated the importance of procedural justice to citizens’ sense of trust and confidence in legal authorities and their resulting willingness to conform to the law and cooperate with the legal authorities. Reversing the age-old question ‘why do people break the law?’, theories of procedural justice have provided insight into the factors that encourage people to abide by the law, suggesting that experiences of procedural fairness are crucial to achieving compliance with the law and to enhancing the legitimacy of criminal justice. While these studies are important in showing that legal authorities need to pay attention to the fairness judgements of the people involved in legal procedures, the focus on showing the importance of procedural justice has had the ironic consequence of distracting researchers from studying the equally important question of what fairness means to the people involved in legal proceedings. In one of the first studies on procedural justice to use a qualitative research design, the author provides the reader with detailed and insightful descriptions of the elements that determine how victims and defendants assess the fairness of their contact with the police and the courts. Focusing on both the pre-trial and the post-trial phases, this book will be of interest to academics and students engaged in the study of the psychology of law, procedural justice and the legitimacy of criminal justice.

Author : Brenda Russell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 10,48 MB
Release : 2012-12-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1461458714

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​Female offenders are often perceived as victims who commit crimes as a self-defense mechanism or as criminal deviants whose actions strayed from typical ‘womanly’ behavior. Such cultural norms for violence exist in our gendered society and there has been scholarly debate about how male and female offenders are perceived and how this perception leads to differential treatment in the criminal justice system. This debate is primarily based upon theories associated with stereotypes and social norms and how these prescriptive norms can influence both public and criminal justice response. Scholars in psychology, sociology, and criminology have found that female offenders are perceived differently than male offenders and this ultimately leads to differential treatment in the criminal justice system. This interdisciplinary book provides an evidence based approach of how female offenders are perceived in society and how this translates to differential treatment within the criminal justice system and explores the ramifications of such differences. Quite often perceptions of female offenders are at odds with research findings. This book will provide a comprehensive evidence-based review of the research that is valuable to laypersons, researchers, practitioners, advocates, treatment providers, lawyers, judges, and anyone interested in equality in the criminal justice system. ​

Author : David D. Perlmutter
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 50,44 MB
Release : 2000-02-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1452267723

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Policing the Media is an investigation into one of the paradoxes of the mass-mediated age. Issues, events, and people that we "see" most on our television screens are often those that we understand the least. David Perlmutter examined this issue as it relates to one of the most frequently portrayed groups of people on television: police officers. Policing the Media is a report on the ethnography of a police department, derived from the author′s experience riding on patrol with officers and joining the department as a reserve policeman. Drawing upon interviews, personal observations, and the author′s black-and-white photographs of cops and the "clients," Perlmutter describes the lives and philosophies of street patrol officers. He finds that cops hold ambiguous attitudes toward their television comrades, for much of TV copland is fantastic and preposterous. Even those programs that boast gritty realism little resemble actual police work. Moreover, the officers perceive that the public′s attitudes toward law enforcement and crime are directly (and largely nefariously) influenced by mass media. This in turn, he suggests, influences the way that they themselves behave and "perform" on the street, and that unreal and surreal expectations of them are propagated by television cop shows. This cycle of perceptual influence may itself profoundly impact the contemporary criminal justice system, on the street, in the courts, and in the hearts and minds of ordinary people.

Author : Vincent Sacco
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 37,95 MB
Release : 1981
Category : Crime
ISBN :

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This research examines a number of issues relating to the study of public perceptions of crime. The following questions are addressed: (1) What conceptual meaning may be attributed to public perceptions of crime? (2) How do the character!'stics of social actors and the characteristics of the environments within which they reside affect the distribution of perception? (3) What types of behavioural consequences flow from perceptions of crime? (4) What implications does the study of public perceptions of crime have for the criminological theory? (5) What implications do the study of such perceptions have for the formation of public policy? With respect to the conceptual question, the study of public perceptions of crime is placed within the more general context of perception in criminology. Although a typology of public perception is suggested, the argument is made that perceptions of crime are diffuse and many-sided phenomena which express a more general community malaise. Employing data collected from a seven city sample of Alberta residents, an attempt is made to empirically assess the relative importance of various factors which might be thought to affect the differential distribution of perceptions of crime. With respect to social actor characteristics, the data suggest that the variables sex and resentment of social change are of particular predictive importance. The hypothesis that the attributes of social actors interact with the city of residence to produce differentials in perception is generally unsupported. However, city of residence does appear to have predictive power independent of the characterisecs of the people who inhabit the city. A contextual analysis indicates that both the rate of crime within the city and the population size are important variables. The influence exerted by city and city-related variables upon perceptions of crime is theoretically interpreted in terms of the effects of criminal environments. The analysis relating to the consequences which flow from differential perceptions of crime focuses upon the effects which such perceptions have for three types of dependent variables--community affect, interpersonal trust and defensive behaviour. The effects of perception upon these variables are small but in many cases significant. The argument that such effects are likely only within certain urban environments is largely unsupported. With respect to the implications which the study of public perceptions of crime has for criminological theory, the argument is made that it is erroneous to conceptualize the study of perception as a narrowly defined subarea of criminology. Rather it is argued that the attempt be made to understand the relationships which such perceptions have to a whole range of central criminological questions. In terms of policy implications, it is suggested that the pragmatic role of the study of perception may be understood with reference to the framework known as social indicators research. Thus, if perceptions of crime can be conceptualized as general measures of concern for community, they may serve as indicators of the perceived quality of life.

Author : Wim Bernasco
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 777 pages
File Size : 10,19 MB
Release : 2017-05-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 0190674741

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Although the issue of offender decision-making pervades almost every discussion of crime and law enforcement, only a few comprehensive texts cover and integrate information about the role of decision-making in crime. The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making provide high-quality reviews of the main paradigms in offender decision-making, such as rational choice theory and dual-process theory. It contains up-to-date reviews of empirical research on decision-making in a wide range of decision types including not only criminal initiation and desistance, but also choice of locations, times, targets, victims, methods as well as large variety crimes including homicide, robbery, domestic violence, burglary, street crime, sexual crimes, and cybercrime. Lastly, it provides in-depth treatments of the major methods used to study offender decision-making, including experiments, observation studies, surveys, offender interviews, and simulations. Comprehensive and authoritative, the Handbook will quickly become the primary source of theoretical, methodological, and empirical knowledge about decision-making as it relates to criminal behavior.

Author : Lorenzo Natali
Publisher : Springer
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 47,51 MB
Release : 2016-11-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1137546689

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This book brings the visual dimension of environmental crimes and harms into the field of green criminology. It shows how photographic images can provide a means for eliciting narratives from people who live in polluted areas – describing in detail and from their point of view what they know, think and feel about the reality in which they find themselves living. Natali makes the argument for developing a visual approach for green criminology, with a single case-study as its central focus, revealing the importance of using photo elicitation to appreciate and enhance the reflexive and active role of social actors in the symbolic and social construction of their environmental experiences. Examining the multiple interactions between the images and the words used to describe the socio-environmental worlds in which we live, this book is a call to open the eyes of green criminology to wider and richer explorations of environmental harms and crimes. An innovative and engaging study, this text will be of particular interest to scholars of environmental crime and cultural, green and visual criminologies.

Author : Avi Brisman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 42,35 MB
Release : 2016-07-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1137546204

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This book explores how young people perceive the severity of crime and delinquency. It particularly addresses whom or what they consider to be the victims of crime and delinquency, how they analyze and assess appropriate responses by the criminal justice system, as well as their place within it. The book proposes tools for developing a more elaborate and robust understanding of what constitutes crime, identifying those affected by it, and what is deemed adequate or appropriate punishment. In so doing, it offers thick description of young peoples' conceptions of and experiences with crime, delinquency, justice and law, and uses this description to interrogate the role of the state in influencing - indeed, shaping - these perceptions.

Author : Vicky De Mesmaecker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 43,28 MB
Release : 2014-03-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1134618689

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In recent decades, research into the legitimacy of criminal justice has convincingly demonstrated the importance of procedural justice to citizens’ sense of trust and confidence in legal authorities and their resulting willingness to conform to the law and cooperate with the legal authorities. Reversing the age-old question ‘why do people break the law?’, theories of procedural justice have provided insight into the factors that encourage people to abide by the law, suggesting that experiences of procedural fairness are crucial to achieving compliance with the law and to enhancing the legitimacy of criminal justice. While these studies are important in showing that legal authorities need to pay attention to the fairness judgements of the people involved in legal procedures, the focus on showing the importance of procedural justice has had the ironic consequence of distracting researchers from studying the equally important question of what fairness means to the people involved in legal proceedings. In one of the first studies on procedural justice to use a qualitative research design, the author provides the reader with detailed and insightful descriptions of the elements that determine how victims and defendants assess the fairness of their contact with the police and the courts. Focusing on both the pre-trial and the post-trial phases, this book will be of interest to academics and students engaged in the study of the psychology of law, procedural justice and the legitimacy of criminal justice.