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This book reviews a selection of organic-geochemical investigations, dealing with the characterization and environmental behaviour of organic contaminations of German river and groundwater systems. Topics include comprehensive non-target screening as well as isotope analysis of contaminants in water and sediments, detailed characterisation of bound residues, recording riverine pollution histories and an extensive application of the anthropogenic marker approach.
A source- and finished-water-quality assessment of groundwater was conducted in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of Maryland and Virginia in the Potomac River Basin during 2003–04 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This assessment used a two-phased approach to sampling that allowed investigators to evaluate the occurrence of more than 280 anthropogenic organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and other anthropogenic organic compounds). Analysis of waters from 15 of the largest community water systems in the study area were included in the assessment. Source-water samples (raw-water samples collected prior to treatment) were collected at the well head. Finished-water samples (raw water that had been treated and disinfected) were collected after treatment and prior to distribution. Phase one samples, collected in August and September 2003, focused on source water. Phase two analyzed both source and finished water, and samples were collected in August and October of 2004.
1. Overview: Water quality monitoring: national and international approaches - Richard Helmer. 2. Fate and transformation of contaminants: transport and fate of persistent toxic organic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems: the Niagara River to St Lawrence River Estuary example - R.J. Allan; impact of soil fertility by replacement of hydrologically different water types - B. Beltman & T.G. Rouwenhorst; transformation process of contaminants in rivers - J.H. Carey; pesticides in groundwater: some preliminary observations on behaviour and transport in tropical environments - P.J. Chilton, A.R. Lawrence & J.A. Baker; redox transformation of pollutants in natural waters - L. s. Ernestova, I.V. Semenova, G.V. Vlasova & N. Lee Wolf; contaminant interactions at surfaces for treatment of heavy metals in aquatic environments: mass espectrometry studies - J.V. Headley, P.W. Brooks & M Neuwirth; transformation and stabilization of metals and dissolved organic carbon in submerged calcareous environments - Maher E. Saleh; the kinetics of amino acid uptake by micro-organism in lake and river waters of the temperate and subartic zones under different trophic conditions - Humitake Seki; the interactions between trichloroethylene (TCE) and clay - C. Tang, S. Shindou & H. Ohashi; aquatic ecosystem stability to acidification: experimental modelling and buffering capacity calculation - M.G. Tarasov & A.M. Nikanorov; the precipitation of CaCO3: a mechanism of self-regulation of the LakeSevan ecosystem - D.S. Ulyanova; biological evaluation of the pollution of riverine wetlands by heavy metals - A.V. Zhulidov, T.A. Khoruzhaya, L.M. Predeina, E.V. Morozova, Y.V. Teplyakov, L.S. Kosmenko & S. Urmanov; some results of the lon-time ecological monitoring of the Leningrad NPP cooling water body (Koporskaya Bay, Gulf of Finland) - L.M. Zimina, V.L. Zimin & J.A. Khayrutdinova. 3. Hydrochemical modelling: formulations and solutions for problems of dispersion in groundwater - M.J. Adler & E. Ioan; Application of the Chrnobyl experience in developing methodology for assessing and predicting consequences of radioactive contamination of the hydrosphere - V.A. Borzilov, A.V. konoplev & A.A. Bulgakov; simulation of pollutant contamination of rivers after and atmospheric release - J.P. Bouchard & J. Duplex; a computer application for investigating the structural transformation of anthropogenically impacted aquatic ecosystems - V.A. Bryzgalo & P.A. Khaiter; investigating and modelling transport and adsorption of boron in the groundwater of Lerma valley, Argentina - J. Bundschuh, A. Fuertes, G. Baudino, R. Garcia & k. D. Balke; modelling microbial processes in porous media with application to biotransformation - A.B. Cunningham & O. Wanner; nutrient loads in the Vistula River: outflow into the Baltic Sea - J.R. Dojlido, E. Niemirycz & P. Morawiec; phenol biodegradation in the yenisei River and the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir, Russia - M.I. Gladyshev & I.V. Gribovskaya; numerical investigation of contaminant transport in shallow water bodies - L.A. Krukier e G.V. Muratova; modelling of chemicals dissolved in waters in an agricultural watershed - Z.W. Kunfzewicz, B. Szpakowska & R. Sibrecht; simulation of the redox sequence of an infiltration passage by direct numerical modelling of the mediating microorganisms - H.J. Lensing & B. herrling; hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of the Lower Don River, Russia - A.M Nikanorov, R.C. Russo, M.G. Yereschukova, E.Z. Hosseinipour & R.B. Ambrose; mathematical modelling of metal speciation in natural waters - V.I. Peleshenko, V.I. Osadchi & V.V. Kirnichni; plane dispersion of pollutants - J.M. Sawicki; physically-based modelling of pollutants transported by overland low - V.Y. Smakhtin; impact of river regulation on mercury transport - S.A. Sukhenko, E.B. Krissinel & S.A. Mikhailov; simulation of jeavy metal effect on fresh-water ecosystems in mesocosms and estimation of water body self-purification properties - Y.V. Teplyakov & A.M. Nikanorov; simulation of nutrient transformation in a reservoir ecosystem - A.A. Tskhai & V.Y. Ageikov. 4. Additional techniques and water quality assessments: impact of atmospheric precipitation on the sulphate concentration in surface waters of the Eastern European Plain - G.M. Chernogaeva; monitoring surface water conductivity with indian remote sensing satellite data: a case study from central India - V.K. choubey; use of 34S/32S ratios for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on Volga-Akhtuba flood plain surface waters - Y.A. Fedorov; multavariate classification methods as a methodological basis for natural object simulation - A.I. Gavrishin; analysis of water quality data using a multivariate statistical technique: a case study - K. Gurunathan & S. Ravichandran; hydraulic circulation system for in situ remediation of strippable contaminants and in situ bioreclamation (GZB/UVB method) - B. Herrling & J. Stamm; hydrochemical monitoring of a forested catchment with extremely high aluminium concentrations in runoff: the Lysina catchment, Czech Republic - J. kruska & Pavel Krám; application of remote sensing techniques to comprehensive monitoring of inland water ecosystems - K.Y. Kondratyev, V.V. Melentyev & D.V. Pozdniakov; evaluation of surface water pollution by nitrate in northeast Slovakia - O. Mendel & J. Repa; a fluorescent tracer for hydrodynamic process studies - A.M. Nikanorov, N.M. trunov, A.V. Bystrov, V.N. Askalepov & M.G. Tarasov; variations in stream water quality in a forested Piedmont catchment, Georgia, USA: relevance of sampling frequency and design - N.E. Peters; cumulative effects of land use practices on water quality - W.T. Swank & P.V. Bolstad; temporal variations of organic micropollutants during storm events in a small river catchment - W. Symader, R. Bierl & K. Hampe; application of experimental ecosystems for researching natural waters: the problem of similarity - N.M. Trunov, A.M. Nikanorov & V.N. Askalepov; contribution of various sources of contaminants to the total input into the North Sea - K.J. Wulffraat, T. Smit & H. Groskamp; residual arsenic in Yellow River fish and effects of suspended sediment - Z. Shuguang, L. Yaqing & M. Tao.
This third volume focusses on anthropogenic organic pollutants harming the environment. Their structural diversity and fate in the environment, their effects and relevance are presented. For such a flexible usage this textbook series 'Fundamentals in Organic Geochemistry' consists of different volumes with clear defined aspects and with manageable length. Organic Geochemistry is a modern scientific subject characterized by a high transdisciplinarity and located at the edge of chemistry, environmental sciences, geology and biology. Therefore, there is a need for a flexible offer of appropriate academic teaching material on an undergraduate level addressed to the variety of students coming originally from different study disciplines.
This volume offers an overview of the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants in Mediterranean rivers and their relevance to their chemical and ecological quality under water scarcity. With chapters covering the effects under multiple stress conditions of pharmaceuticals, polar pesticides, personal care products, and industrial chemicals, the observations presented can be applicable to other parts of the world where water scarcity is an issue . It is of interest to environmental chemists, ecologists, environmental engineers, and ecotoxicologists, as well as water managers and decision-makers.
The fate and transport of natural and anthropogenic sediment-borne organic contaminants is a critical environmental issue and complex processes are involved that until now have been poorly defined. Organic Substances and Sediments in Water is a three-volume book that provides the best information available regarding the many interdisciplinary factors affecting organic substances associated with particulates in water. Topics discussed include absorption and transport of contaminants associated with particles; interfacial processes affecting fate and transport of organic substances associated with particles; the release of contaminants in receiving water bodies; water treatment; the role of biological factors in the fate and transport of organic contaminants in aqueous systems; development of biotransformation in natural and anthropogenic systems; the use of organic contaminant and sediment chemicals; biological and physical data to refine models to be used by resource managers; and chemical and biological processes that affect the fate and transport of organic constituents and determine degradation of contaminants and uptake in plants. This will be an important reference for environmental chemists, environmental engineers, environmental biologists, water treatment and natural system modelers, and soils scientists.
With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLsâ€"produced every five yearsâ€"include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks).