[PDF] Obesity Induced Inflammation And Insulin Resistance eBook

Author : Tsuguhito Ota
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 10,48 MB
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
ISBN : 2889194280

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Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an underlying basis for the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Overnutrition or obesity activates the innate immune system with subsequent recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. In particular, a significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). ATMs are a prominent source of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, that can block insulin action in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver autocrine/paracrine signaling and cause systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling, providing a potential link between inflammation and insulin resistance. All articles in this topic highlight the interconnection between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all its diversity to the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and role of immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Author : Paramjit S. Tappia
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 46,76 MB
Release : 2020-01-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030353583

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​According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.

Author : Todd Leff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 34,99 MB
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527629534

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This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Author : Colleen Croniger
Publisher : IntechOpen
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,19 MB
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789533075983

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Adipocytes are important in the body for maintaining proper energy balance by storing excess energy as triglycerides. However, efforts of the last decade have identified several molecules that are secreted from adipocytes, such as leptin, which are involved in signaling between tissues and organs. These adipokines are important in overall regulation of energy metabolism and can regulate body composition as well as glucose homeostasis. Excess lipid storage in tissues other than adipose can result in development of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this book we review the role of adipocytes in development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Because type 2 diabetes has been suggested to be a disease of inflammation we included several chapters on the mechanism of inflammation modulating organ injury. Finally, we conclude with a review on exercise and nutrient regulation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its co-morbidities.

Author : Dimiter Avtanski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 16,51 MB
Release : 2023-09-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3031397215

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Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that affects half a billion people. It has been estimated that, if current trends continue, by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women worldwide will be obese. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue caused by overweight and obesity lead to a chronic inflammatory state, which results in impaired insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes. Currently, the number of people affected by diabetes globally exceeds 400 million (rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries). In 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.5 million direct deaths. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. It focuses on the pathogenesis and biological mechanisms of obesity, the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system, the role of genetic and environmental factors, the progression of cardiovascular complications, and the association of obesity and inflammation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. This volume also includes practical recommendations for preventing and managing these conditions using both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Written by experts in the field, Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management addresses the role of inflammation in both obesity and diabetes, its effect on vascular and non-vascular pathologies, oxidative stress, genetics, and epigenetics. This text aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students of medicine at all levels.

Author : Naveed Sattar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 46,21 MB
Release : 2009-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1444312707

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Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.

Author : Carsten Carlberg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 34,25 MB
Release : 2016-06-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319304151

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The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics, gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule “a picture tells more than thousand words”. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the "Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for individuals working in biomedicine.

Author : Derek LeRoith
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 1606 pages
File Size : 15,27 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780781740975

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Thoroughly revised and updated, this Third Edition encompasses the most recent advances in molecular and cellular research and describes the newest therapeutic modalities for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chapters by leading experts integrate the latest basic science and clinical research on diabetes mellitus and its complications. The text is divided into ten major sections, including extensive sections on therapeutics, diabetes during pregnancy, and complications. New chapters cover stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes; genetics and treatment of obesity; new therapies to promote insulin action; vasculopathy; islet cell protocols; triglycerides in muscle; hypoglycemia in the adult; and the Diabetes Prevention Program.